NEJM:基因治疗可恢复罕见免疫缺陷病婴儿的免疫力

2019-04-19 纪大乙 生物探索

美国国立卫生院科研究团队对8名患有X-连锁严重联合免疫缺陷症(X-SCID)的婴儿进行了实验性基因治疗,在治疗后两年内,这些婴儿的免疫系统功能和正常生长均有显着改善。而且,这种新方法似乎比以前测试的X-SCID基因治疗策略更安全、有效。相关研究发表在新英格兰医学杂志上。

美国国立卫生院科研究团队对8名患有X-连锁严重联合免疫缺陷症(X-SCID)的婴儿进行了实验性基因治疗,在治疗后两年内,这些婴儿的免疫系统功能和正常生长均有显着改善。而且,这种新方法似乎比以前测试的X-SCID基因治疗策略更安全、有效。相关研究发表在新英格兰医学杂志上。

婴儿X-SCID是由IL2RG基因突变引起的,如果不加以治疗,通常会在两岁前死于各种感染并发症。理想的治疗方式是移植同胞兄弟姐妹的外周血、骨髓和脐血干细胞。然而,患有该疾病的婴儿中只有不到20%有适合的捐赠者。那些没有匹配的兄弟姐妹的人通常接受来自父母或其他捐赠者的移植,这些移植可以挽救生命,但通常只能部分地恢复免疫力。另外,这些患者需要接受终身治疗,并可能会继续经受包括慢性感染在内的复杂医疗问题。

美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)国家过敏和传染病研究所(NIAID)主任Anthony S. Fauci博士说:“一旦被诊断为X-连锁严重联合免疫缺陷会对家庭造成创伤。而这些激动人心的新结果表明,基因治疗为患有这种严重极端疾病的婴儿,特别是那些找不到最佳干细胞移植的患者提供了一线生机,让他们有机会过上充实健康的生活。”

该研究在St. Jude和旧金山加州大学贝尼奥夫儿童医院进行。首先从患者的骨髓中获得造血干细胞。然后,将不能引起疾病的工程化慢病毒用作载体或“载体”,将正常的IL2RG基因递送至细胞。最后,将干细胞注入患者体内,患者同时接受低剂量的化疗药物白消安,以帮助基因修正的干细胞在骨髓中建立自身并开始产生新的血细胞。

在这样的基因治疗后3-4个月内8个婴儿中,有7个体内产生了正常数量的免疫细胞,包括T细胞、B细胞和NK细胞。另外一个婴儿虽然第一次T细胞较低,但是在第二次输注遗传修饰的干细胞后数量大大增加。而且参与者在治疗前的病毒和细菌感染也随之解决。研究人员表示,尽管一些参与者经历了预期的副作用,例如化疗后血小板计数低等,但是实验性基因治疗总体上是安全的。

NIAID临床免疫学和微生物学实验室基因免疫治疗科主任Harry Malech说:“我们的基因治疗方法为患有X-SCID的婴儿,以及我们在NIH的研究中为年龄较大的儿童和年轻人恢复了广泛的免疫功能,这是前所未有的。” Malech博士与St.Jude的Brian Sorrentino博士共同促进了慢病毒基因治疗方法的发展,但Brian Sorrentino博士于2018年底去世。Malech说:“如果没有我的好朋友和合作者的努力,这些令人鼓舞的结果是不可能的。Brian Sorrentino在开发这种治疗方法并将其纳入临床试验方面发挥了重要作用。”

这项研究与之前的X-SCID基因治疗策略(使用其他载体和化疗方案)相比更安全,更有效。在以前的研究中,基因疗法恢复了T细胞功能,但没有完全恢复包括NK细胞和B细胞的其他关键免疫细胞的功能。这项研究中,参与者不仅恢复了NK细胞和B细胞功能,甚至还有4名婴儿停止了静脉注射免疫球蛋白来提高免疫力。这四种抗体中有三种对儿童接种疫苗产生了抗体反应,表明B细胞功能强大。

此外,一些早期基因治疗研究的参与者后来发展成白血病,科学家怀疑这是因为载体激活了控制细胞生长的基因。今天报道的研究中使用的慢病毒载体旨在避免这种结果。

目前,研究人员持续关注接受慢病毒基因治疗的婴儿,以评估这种免疫重建的持久性以及治疗的潜在长期副作用。研究人员计划扩大试验人群,包括其它患病婴儿、大龄儿童以及年轻人。

原始出处:
Mamcarz E, Zhou S, Lockey T, et al.Lentiviral Gene Therapy Combined with Low-Dose Busulfan in Infants with SCID-X1.N Engl J Med. 2019 Apr 18;380(16):1525-1534. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1815408.

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    2019-04-21 syscxl
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    2019-04-19 坚强007

    向挑战病魔的科研人员致敬!

    0

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    2019-04-19 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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