图解:宏基因组急危重症感染应用专家共识

2019-02-12 微远基因 微远基因

近日,《中华急诊医学杂志》发表宏基因组分析和诊断技术在急危重症感染应用的专家共识。作为首篇mNGS临床应用的专家共识,其对宏基因组临床应用场景,研究进展,基本流程,挑战和未来发展方向做出详细概述。 1、疑难危重感染病原学诊断亟待突破 感染是急危重症患者死亡的主要原因之一,以脓毒症为例, 脓毒症 ( 严重感染) 患者病死率高达50%。 以下呼吸道感染为例,下呼吸道感染发病率在全球感染性

近日,《中华急诊医学杂志》发表《宏基因组分析和诊断技术在急危重症感染应用的专家共识》。作为首篇mNGS临床应用的专家共识,其对宏基因组临床应用场景,研究进展,基本流程,挑战和未来发展方向做出详细概述。共识详见:宏基因组分析和诊断技术在急危重症感染应用的专家共识

1、疑难危重感染病原学诊断亟待突破

感染是急危重症患者死亡的主要原因之一,以脓毒症为例, 脓毒症 ( 严重感染) 患者病死率高达50%。

以下呼吸道感染为例,下呼吸道感染发病率在全球感染性疾病位居榜首,预估中国每年新发下呼吸道感染患者约1000万/年。

以中枢神经系统感染为例,预估中国每年新发脑膜炎患者约85万,中枢神经系统感染通常表现很严重,常常导致高死亡率。

新一代感染辅助诊断方法—mNGS

传统的检测方法在敏感性,特异性,时效性,信息量等方面存在局限,而且对于未知或者罕见的病原微生物,无法快速识别。

基于宏基因组新一代测序技术(metagenomics next generation sequencing, mNGS) 不依赖于传统的微生物培养,直接对临床样本中的核酸进行高通量测序,然后与数据库进行比对分析,根据比对到的序列信息来判断样本包含的病原微生物种类,能够快速,客观地检测临床样本中的较多病原微生物(包括病毒,细菌,真菌,寄生虫),且无需特异性扩增。

3mNGS研究进展

2014年新英格兰杂志首例mNGS的临床案例报道以来,国际与国内在方法学提升与临床应用评估方面进展迅速。包括复旦大学附属华山医院,复旦大学附属中山医院,北京协和医院,北京儿童医院在内的多家医院,多位临床专家推动mNGS的临床转化,以系列案例或队列研究的形式发表多篇mNGS临床应用研究成果。

4mNGS检测范围及适应症

新一代测序技术是一个开放的分析和诊断系统,目前已经纳入的病原体有8 000 多种,其中包括3000 余种细菌,4 000 余种病毒,200 余种真菌和140 种寄生虫,为疑难危重症及罕见病原微生物感染的诊断提供了有效的技术手段。

根据目前的临床经验,研究结果和mNGS 技术的优势,推荐mNGS 在急危重症感染患者中应用的主要适应症:

1)病情危重需要尽快明确病原体;

2)特殊病人如免疫抑制宿主,合并基础疾病,反复住院的重症感染患者需要尽快明确病原体;

3)传统微生物检测技术反复阴性且治疗效果不佳;

4)疑似新发病原体,临床上提示可能有一定的传染性;

5)疑似特殊病原体感染;

6)长期发热和/或伴有其他临床症状,病因不明的感染。

5mNGS流程概览

宏观来看,一个完成的标本检测周期分为5大环节:样本采集,样本处理(包含核酸提取与文库构建),基因测序,生物信息分析与报告解读

在样本采集流程,需要遵循一定的采集原则,以防止样本污染。

样本采集送往实验室后,实验室需要对样本进行前处理(血浆分离、痰液液化、破壁等),核酸提取,构建文库之后上机测序。

测序数据下机后,再对测序数据进行质量评估和生物信息学分析。鉴于测序有效数据中一般90%以上为人源序列,首先去除人源宿主序列后与病原体数据库进行比对,进而鉴定疑似致病微生物。

mNGS的挑战与未来方向

与传统病原微生物检测相比,mNGS 敏感性高,信息量大,但也存在一定的局限性。 

mNGS在急危重症感染性疾病应用中尚面临诸多挑战,未来发展将会集中在如下几大层面:

mNGS 具有比传统病原微生物检测技术更强大的效能,但目前在应用方面还存在一些需要改进的地方,不能完全取代常规的检测技术,未来的感染性疾病诊疗过程将会联合多个学科,使用多种技术方法辅助诊断,进而实现感染性疾病的精准诊治。

参考文献

1.宋振举等.宏基因组分析和诊断技术在急危重症感染应用的专家共识[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2019.

2.Liao, X., Du, B., Lu, M., et al. (2016). Current epidemiology of sepsis in mainland China. Annals of translational medicine, 4(17).

3. 贺小丽, 李德渊, 乔莉娜, 等.  脓毒症流行病学及预后的研究进展 [J] . 中华危重病急救医学,2018,30( 5 ): 486-489. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2018.05.019.

4.Troeger, C., Blacker, B., Khalil, I. A., et al. (2018). Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18(11), 1191-1210.

5.Cookson, W. O., Cox, M. J., & Moffatt, M. F. (2018). New opportunities for managing acute and chronic lung infections. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 16(2), 111.

6.John, C. C., Carabin, H., Montano, S. M., et al. (2015). Global research priorities for infections that affect the nervous system. Nature, 527(7578), S178-86.

7.McGill, F., Griffiths, M. J., Bonnett, L. J., et al. (2018). Incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of viral meningitis in UK adults: a multicentre prospective observational cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18(9), 992-1003.

8.Gu W, Miller S, & Chiu CY. Clinical Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Detection. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease,2018.

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1845363, encodeId=184e1845363f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Mon Apr 22 08:08:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361015, encodeId=808d36101599, content=科长推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00ca2549911, createdName=1253d559m09暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Feb 19 17:11:36 CST 2019, time=2019-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1372936, encodeId=5aab13e29367f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e7ba458950b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宏基因组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45895, encryptionId=e7ba458950b, topicName=宏基因组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8409354, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Thu Feb 14 14:08:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1591107, encodeId=6880159110e5d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0701521561c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急危重症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52156, encryptionId=0701521561c, topicName=急危重症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c50817912004, createdName=yangshch, createdTime=Thu Feb 14 14:08:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=360580, encodeId=24223605807f, content=侯群证+耐药基因组学+假阳性结果解释 解决好就是重大突破, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f64975081, createdName=kdgj469, createdTime=Thu Feb 14 00:14:17 CST 2019, time=2019-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=360579, encodeId=ad723605e9d9, content=大有可为!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f64975081, createdName=kdgj469, createdTime=Thu Feb 14 00:13:14 CST 2019, time=2019-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=360511, encodeId=6b50360511f9, content=谢谢了,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Wed Feb 13 07:54:29 CST 2019, time=2019-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1845363, encodeId=184e1845363f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Mon Apr 22 08:08:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361015, encodeId=808d36101599, content=科长推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00ca2549911, createdName=1253d559m09暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Feb 19 17:11:36 CST 2019, time=2019-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1372936, encodeId=5aab13e29367f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e7ba458950b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宏基因组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45895, encryptionId=e7ba458950b, topicName=宏基因组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8409354, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Thu Feb 14 14:08:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1591107, encodeId=6880159110e5d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0701521561c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急危重症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52156, encryptionId=0701521561c, topicName=急危重症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c50817912004, createdName=yangshch, createdTime=Thu Feb 14 14:08:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=360580, encodeId=24223605807f, content=侯群证+耐药基因组学+假阳性结果解释 解决好就是重大突破, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f64975081, createdName=kdgj469, createdTime=Thu Feb 14 00:14:17 CST 2019, time=2019-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=360579, encodeId=ad723605e9d9, content=大有可为!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f64975081, createdName=kdgj469, createdTime=Thu Feb 14 00:13:14 CST 2019, time=2019-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=360511, encodeId=6b50360511f9, content=谢谢了,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Wed Feb 13 07:54:29 CST 2019, time=2019-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-02-14 kdgj469

    侯群证+耐药基因组学+假阳性结果解释 解决好就是重大突破

    0

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    2019-02-14 kdgj469

    大有可为!

    0

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    2019-02-13 txqjm

    谢谢了,学习

    0

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