双侧输卵管绝育术后行体外受精-胚胎移植导致复合妊娠6例

2018-12-04 黄宝友 赵红琴 金武敏 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

复合妊娠(heterotopic pregnancy,HP)是指胚胎同时在2个或2个以上部位植入,其中至少1个属于宫内妊娠,其余属于异位妊娠,即宫内妊娠和异位妊娠同时存在。正常情况下,自然妊娠发生HP的发生率极低约1/30 000,随着体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)等辅助生殖技术的日益发展,HP发生率高达1%~11%

复合妊娠(heterotopic pregnancy,HP)是指胚胎同时在2个或2个以上部位植入,其中至少1个属于宫内妊娠,其余属于异位妊娠,即宫内妊娠和异位妊娠同时存在。正常情况下,自然妊娠发生HP的发生率极低约1/30 000,随着体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)等辅助生殖技术的日益发展,HP发生率高达1%~11%。HP最常见的异位妊娠部位为输卵管。因此,双侧输卵管绝育术后理论上可使异位妊娠明显减低,发生HP则更低。迄今为止,国内外关于双侧输卵管绝育术后行IVF-ET导致HP报道甚少,且均为个案报道,临床经验缺乏,容易漏诊,需引起临床医生的重视和警惕。文章对我院双侧输卵管绝育术后行IVF-ET导致HP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并结合国内外文献报道总结如下。
      
1 临床资料

1.1    一般资料    我院2006—2017年期间收治的双侧输卵管绝育术后行IVF-ET后HP共6例,总结如表1,均行手术治疗,术后异位妊娠组织送病理确诊。6例患者平均年龄30.50岁(25~39岁),移植胚胎数为2~3个,鲜胚3例,冻胚3例。

1.2    诊断及治疗    患者因下腹痛就诊5例,阴道流血就诊1例,患者首次诊断均由超声发现,最早于胚胎移植后25 d,最晚76 d,平均37 d。6例均行手术治疗,开腹1例,腹腔镜5例。异位妊娠部位分别为宫角1例,输卵管壶腹部1例,输卵管峡部1例,输卵管间质部3例。术后胚胎发育停止行清宫术2例,并将宫内刮出物送病理证实可见绒毛组织。剖宫产分娩活婴4例,随访至2018年4月20日均健康。见表1。


1.3    文献复习    方法以“输卵管结扎(tubal ligation),输卵管切除(bilateral salpingectomy),输卵管离断(tube dissection),输卵管绝育(tube sterilization),体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer),复合妊娠(heterotopic pregnancy),宫内外妊娠(intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy)”检索PubMed、EMbase、Springer、Science Direct、Wiley InterScience、ProQuest-Health&Medical Complete、EBSCO-MEDLINE、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、中国期刊全文数据库,再独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究的质量并归纳。文献检索时间为自数据库建立起至2018年3月。发现国内外已发表此类HP共13篇,共15例,均属个案报道,临床特征总结如表2。患者平均年龄31.93岁(27~39岁),首次发现HP平均为移植术后37.80 d(21~87 d),开腹10例,腹腔镜5例,异位妊娠的部位分别为卵巢妊娠1例,腹腔妊娠2例,宫角妊娠3例,输卵管间质部妊娠4例,输卵管残端妊娠5例,妊娠结局为继续妊娠2例,流产5例,单胎活产8例。见表2。



2 讨论

2.1    双侧输卵管绝育术后行IVF-ET导致HP的类型及机制    绝育是指因病或用人工方法,使夫或妻在正常性生活情况下,断绝生育能力,达到不孕的目的。输卵管绝育术在临床上应包括输卵管结扎、离断及切除术。输卵管由伞端、壶腹部、峡部及间质部构成,间质部位于输卵管进入子宫肌壁的部分,临床上的输卵管切除术实质上是输卵管部分切除术,输卵管结扎及离断的部位是峡部。本文中有1例壶腹部妊娠,考虑结扎手术位置不正确,残留壶腹部。另1例峡部妊娠,考虑该患者残留的峡部较长,未予电凝封闭残留部分管腔。输卵管绝育术后发生的的间质部、宫角妊娠,按女性盆腔解剖结构特点较易理解,前者是指胚胎种植于输卵管走形于宫角肌层内的近端部分,后者是指胚胎种植于宫腔的侧上方,两者均处于血流丰富肌层,破裂后均可造成腹腔内大出血。输卵管绝育术后发生的腹腔、卵巢妊娠,其发生机制尚不明确,可能是术中残端未包埋或覆盖形成瘘管、术后输卵管残端因炎症或瘢痕组织脱落形成瘘管。因此,临床上行输卵管绝育术应规范手术,要对残端行电凝,使其管腔完全闭合,减少输卵管残端、腹腔甚至卵巢妊娠发生的风险。

2.2    双侧输卵管绝育术后行IVF-ET导致HP的诊断及治疗    患者临床症状无特异性,以腹痛、阴道流血常见,血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素升高也不能判断是否合并异位妊娠。诊断主要依靠超声检查,经阴道比经腹部超声更为敏感,前者敏感度可达92.4%,特异度可达100%。有学者报道70%HP在孕5~8周确诊,本文6例均由超声首先诊断,孕5~7周(即移植术后3~5周)有4例,占2/3。值得注意的是,临床工作中未突破惯性思维,满足于宫内妊娠或输卵管绝育术后就不考虑异位妊娠或者未考虑多处异位妊娠就可能导致漏诊。

本文报道的宫内存活率为66.7%(4/6),总结国内外文献报道的为66.7%(10/15),两者一致。14例宫内存活病例术前超声均提示宫内胎心搏动,7例流产病例中术前超声提示宫内胎心搏动可见仅2例,由此推测宫内胚胎质量是宫内存活率关键的因素。目前HP治疗以手术为主,其原则是尽可能保留宫内妊娠,尽可能去除异位妊娠。手术刺激易导致孕早期流产,破坏子宫肌层结构导致孕中晚期子宫破裂,输卵管间质部及宫角处血供相当丰富,术者需要具备丰富的经验和娴熟手术技巧,尤其缝合技术,临床上需将异位妊娠部位先环扎阻断血流,再切开取胚,最后采用止血效果较好的方式缝合,减少手术并发症并改善妊娠结局。腹腔镜手术具有手术时间短、疼痛少、恢复快的优势,孕期应用的安全性也得到了越来越多的临床证实,Kim等报道13例宫角HP行腹腔镜手术,结果示3例早期自然流产,10例继续妊娠,术后流产率、胎儿畸形率未增加。

总之,双侧输卵管绝育术后行IVF-ET导致HP很罕见,容易漏诊,仍需要警惕。输卵管绝育手术需规范,输卵管残端应常规电凝使其管腔闭合,孕早期应常规行超声检查,早发现早治疗。治疗以手术为主,腹腔镜手术也是一种安全有效的处理方法。

参考文献略。

原始出处:

黄宝友,赵红琴,金武敏,周凯等,双侧输卵管绝育术后行体外受精-胚胎移植导致复合妊娠6例分析及文献复习[J],中国实用妇科与产科杂志,2018,10:1139-1142。

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    2018-12-06 ailian1202
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1805837, encodeId=065a180583ec3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c0ce891789' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#绝育术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78917, encryptionId=6c0ce891789, topicName=绝育术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aa5a2500103, createdName=ms920641618706883, createdTime=Wed Oct 30 04:05:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1924628, encodeId=f6081924628e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ecbc93e6143' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#输卵管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93761, encryptionId=ecbc93e6143, topicName=输卵管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e03212, createdName=liao1619, createdTime=Fri Feb 15 02:05:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315420, encodeId=b5f11315420ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1514576, encodeId=7c2715145e6ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=690283e36cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎移植#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83736, encryptionId=690283e36cb, topicName=胚胎移植)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8a9910663000, createdName=ms2694732865965676, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522422, encodeId=054315224228b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=46223e39897' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#双侧#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37398, encryptionId=46223e39897, topicName=双侧)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=741b11453403, createdName=wangbingxhy, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539928, encodeId=b24215399287f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354447, encodeId=a16a35444efd, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Tue Dec 04 21:09:50 CST 2018, time=2018-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1805837, encodeId=065a180583ec3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c0ce891789' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#绝育术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78917, encryptionId=6c0ce891789, topicName=绝育术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aa5a2500103, createdName=ms920641618706883, createdTime=Wed Oct 30 04:05:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1924628, encodeId=f6081924628e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ecbc93e6143' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#输卵管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93761, encryptionId=ecbc93e6143, topicName=输卵管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e03212, createdName=liao1619, createdTime=Fri Feb 15 02:05:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315420, encodeId=b5f11315420ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1514576, encodeId=7c2715145e6ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=690283e36cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎移植#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83736, encryptionId=690283e36cb, topicName=胚胎移植)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8a9910663000, createdName=ms2694732865965676, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522422, encodeId=054315224228b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=46223e39897' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#双侧#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37398, encryptionId=46223e39897, topicName=双侧)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=741b11453403, createdName=wangbingxhy, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539928, encodeId=b24215399287f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354447, encodeId=a16a35444efd, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Tue Dec 04 21:09:50 CST 2018, time=2018-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1805837, encodeId=065a180583ec3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c0ce891789' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#绝育术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78917, encryptionId=6c0ce891789, topicName=绝育术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aa5a2500103, createdName=ms920641618706883, createdTime=Wed Oct 30 04:05:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1924628, encodeId=f6081924628e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ecbc93e6143' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#输卵管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93761, encryptionId=ecbc93e6143, topicName=输卵管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e03212, createdName=liao1619, createdTime=Fri Feb 15 02:05:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315420, encodeId=b5f11315420ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1514576, encodeId=7c2715145e6ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=690283e36cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎移植#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83736, encryptionId=690283e36cb, topicName=胚胎移植)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8a9910663000, createdName=ms2694732865965676, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522422, encodeId=054315224228b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=46223e39897' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#双侧#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37398, encryptionId=46223e39897, topicName=双侧)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=741b11453403, createdName=wangbingxhy, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539928, encodeId=b24215399287f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Thu Dec 06 11:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354447, encodeId=a16a35444efd, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Tue Dec 04 21:09:50 CST 2018, time=2018-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-04 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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