什么情况?41岁女性季节交替时恶心呕吐不能进食

2018-10-22 殷立新 王绵 张力辉 内分泌科常见病用药处方分析

病史摘要:患者,女性,41岁。5年前因产后大出血,产后无乳,月经稀发,经量减少,确诊为希恩综合征,口服泼尼松和左甲状腺素钠治疗,泼尼松剂量为一次5mg,一日1次,口服,左甲状腺素钠剂量为一次50μg,一日1次,口服。2~3天前,因冬季来临,天气突然变冷,患者出现恶心、呕吐,不能进食,伴有疲乏无力来诊。

病史摘要:患者,女性,41岁。5年前因产后大出血,产后无乳,月经稀发,经量减少,确诊为希恩综合征,口服泼尼松和左甲状腺素钠治疗,泼尼松剂量为一次5mg,一日1次,口服,左甲状腺素钠剂量为一次50μg,一日1次,口服。2~3天前,因冬季来临,天气突然变冷,患者出现恶心、呕吐,不能进食,伴有疲乏无力来诊。

查体:神清语利,反应正常。BP100/70mmHg。颜面无苍白,眉毛稀疏,腋毛脱落,两肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心率68次/分,律齐,心音不低,各瓣膜区未闻及心脏杂音。腹部平软,无压痛,肝脾未触及,阴毛脱落,双下肢无水肿。甲状腺功能TSH 0.657mU/L,FT33.01pmol/L,FT415.4pmol/L,尿游离皮质醇70nmol/24h(参考范围100~300nmol/24h),电解质:血钠116.3mmol/L,血氯82.3mmol/L,血钾3.99mmol/L,空腹血糖4.7mmol/L。

诊断:希恩综合征,腺垂体功能减退症,低钠血症。

处方:1.醋酸可的松片25mg×30片

用法:8:0025mg,16:0012.5mg,口服。

2.左甲状腺素钠片50μg×20片

用法:一次50μg,一日1次,口服。

3.10%氯化钾注射液10ml×1支

用法:一次10ml,溶于0.9%氯化钠注射液500ml中

静脉滴注,一日1次。

4.3%氯化钠注射液100ml×2瓶

用法:一次200ml,一日1次,静脉滴注。

5.炔雌醇片20μg×10片

用法:一次20μg,一日1次,口服,连服25天(第1~25天)。

6.醋酸甲羟孕酮片2mg×20片

用法:一次6mg,一日1次,口服,共5天(第26~30天)。

分析与结果:腺垂体功能减退症是由于不同病因引起腺垂体全部或大部受损,导致一种或多种垂体激素分泌不足所致的临床综合征。希恩综合征是腺垂体功能减退症最常见的原因之一,是由于女性产后出血引起垂体缺血性坏死所致,临床上可以出现性腺轴(产后无乳、闭经、性欲减退等),肾上腺轴(虚弱、乏力、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐)、甲状腺轴(畏寒、皮肤干燥、水肿等)受累的表现。疾病进展缓慢,常常多年未获诊断和治疗而发展至严重多激素功能减退。该患者主要在季节交替时出现了食欲减退,恶心、呕吐,实验室检查证实存在低钠低氯血症,考虑肾上腺皮质激素替代治疗剂量不足。治疗上补充了氯化钠,增加了肾上腺皮质激素的剂量。患者年龄41岁,尚未到绝经年龄,因此同时采用了人工月经周期治疗。

糖皮质激素剂量调整应根据类固醇激素中间代谢产物、睾酮、电解质、血浆肾素活性等,儿童和青少年患者还应结合生长曲线、骨龄、青春期发育情况综合考量。可的松或泼尼松治疗患者应查24小时尿皮质醇以了解皮质醇替代剂量是否合适,其准确度高,可作为剂量调整依据。服药前及服药后2小时血浆皮质醇水平仅作参考,不能作为糖皮质激素调整的依据。糖皮质激素替代者应常规补钙,并保持适当体育锻炼。糖皮质激素替代期间,遇有发热、感染、手术、情绪波动等应激状态时,需增加糖皮质激素用量,以预防肾上腺皮质危象。

3天后患者不适症状消失,食欲好,复查电解质:血钠140.5mmol/L,血氯101.3mmol/L,血钾3.73mmol/L,停止输液治疗并出院。出院后继续应用糖皮质激素、甲状腺激素和性腺激素治疗,建议患者3个月后复查。

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    2019-03-02 13718711b3m

    值得借鉴与分享的经验总结,非常实用的学习资料,学习了,获益匪浅,涨知识,感谢分享!

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    2018-10-24 30397606
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    2018-10-24 gj0737
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    2018-10-23 120e7c5dm78暂无昵称

    可能也和口服激素有关

    0

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