黑科技!20秒全身3D成像的PET扫描仪来了

2019-06-23 Nature自然科研 Nature自然科研

一款最新的医学成像设备只需20秒就能完成全身3D扫描,不久或将在研究和临床领域得到广泛应用。

一款最新的医学成像设备只需20秒就能完成全身3D扫描,不久或将在研究和临床领域得到广泛应用。



一款经过改良的医疗设备只需要几十秒钟便能完成全身扫描,图为该设备生成的扫描图像。
来源:加州大学戴维斯分校、复旦大学附属中山医院、联影医疗

传统的正电子发射断层扫描仪(PET)一般需要20分钟的成像时间,而这款经过改良的PET扫描仪比传统扫描仪速度更快,辐射剂量也更低。在美国国立卫生研究院近日举办的“高风险高回报研究研讨会”上,研究人员展示了这一设备生成的最新视频

美国约翰·霍普金斯大学儿科医生、传染病医生Sanjay Jain表示,新设备特别适合用来给儿童成像,因为儿童通常会在扫描仪中乱动,影响测量数据;此外,该设备还能用来研究药物在体内的输送过程。

标准的PET扫描仪一般需要医生先将放射性示踪剂注入被检查人员的体内,再使用扫描仪对γ射线进行检测。人体内的细胞会摄取并分解这些放射性分子,期间释放出两条γ射线。人体周围的环状探测器通过测量射线释放的角度和速度,重构射线来源,为代谢分子的细胞构建3D图。

扫描仪的环只有25厘米厚,因此,医生每次只能对一小部分身体部位进行成像。而示踪剂分子的衰变速度很快,这也就意味着信号的消失速度很快。因此,如果要扩大成像面积,就需要给扫描对象注射更多的放射性分子,并让扫描部位在环里来回移动。

加州大学戴维斯分校的生物医学工程师Ramsey Badawi和同事通过将8个PET扫描仪的环与一个2米长的管道相连,实现了一次性的全身成像。新型扫描仪只需传统扫描仪1/40的时间和1/40的辐射剂量就能生成图像,真正降低了辐射风险。研究人员还能让扫描对象在扫描仪中停留更长时间,拍下动作捕捉图像,从而观察放射性示踪剂是如何在体内扩散的。

去年12月,美国食品和药品监管局已经批准在美国境内使用这款改良扫描仪。Badawi计划下个月在加州进行首次实际应用。

宾夕法尼亚大学的放射科专家Abass Alavi说:“全身扫描仪是医学成像领域的又一次飞跃。”目前,他正在与Badawi合作,利用改良的PET扫描仪研究动脉粥样硬化。

Alavi说,医生将来或许能通过这个2米长的设备确定特定药物是否有助于治疗这种动脉堵塞性疾病。Badawi说,传统的PET扫描仪由于成本和辐射问题,一般不做此用。

Jain希望这款改良设备可以用来测试他所开发的一种只会被细菌细胞摄取而不会被哺乳动物细胞摄取的放射性糖类示踪剂。将这种示踪剂注射入疑似细菌感染的患者体内,就能找到细菌最集中的位置。此外,Jain的实验室还在开发可以区分不同类型细菌的指示剂。作为一名研究人体内药物输送过程的人,他说这款改良的PET扫描仪“对于像我一样的人来说就是梦想成真”。

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    2020-04-25 feather89
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    2020-01-14 xlysu
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    2019-06-25 zhaojie88
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    2019-06-24 百草

    666

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