Lancet:科学家为抗击乌克兰艾滋病疫情支招

2020-01-10 佚名 中国科学报

美国耶鲁大学研究人员领导的一项新研究发现,扩大使用美沙酮和丁丙诺啡治疗阿片类药物使用障碍,可以大大减少乌克兰艾滋病传播率和死亡数。在该国,艾滋病蔓延于毒品注射人群。相关研究近日刊登于《柳叶刀》。

美国耶鲁大学研究人员领导的一项新研究发现,扩大使用美沙酮和丁丙诺啡治疗阿片类药物使用障碍,可以大大减少乌克兰艾滋病传播率和死亡数。在该国,艾滋病蔓延于毒品注射人群。相关研究近日刊登于《柳叶刀》。

乌克兰是东欧和中亚第二大艾滋病流行地。研究显示,乌克兰每年新增艾滋病病毒感染者从 2010 年的 9500 人增至 2018 年的 12000 人。如果不采取额外的干预措施,新感染病例可能在 10 年内增加约 6 万个。

研究人员发现,对至少 20% 的阿片类药物滥用患者——这是世界卫生组织建议的最低限度——进行注射治疗,可以在 10 年内减少逾 1 万例新艾滋病病毒感染病例和近 1.8 万例新死亡病例。

目前,乌克兰只有 2.7% 的注射毒品者得到 OAT(阿片受体激动剂治疗)治疗,尽管 OAT 已经被证明是有效的。

“OAT 是阿片类药物使用障碍和预防艾滋病病毒感染的最有效治疗方法之一。” 该研究合着者 Lynn Madden 说,“除了治疗阿片类药物依赖外,它还大大减少了药物的使用和注射频率,降低了艾滋病病毒的传播率,并防止了死亡,包括因服药过量而死亡。”

此外,资深作者、耶鲁大学医学副研究员 Alexei Zelenev 说,乌克兰的医疗保健系统也需要现代化,需要扩大艾滋病病毒检测范围,因为只有 56% 的艾滋病病毒感染者知道自己的感染状况。

研究人员获得了乌克兰 23 个地区的艾滋病病毒流行概况和区域数据,包括 OAT 治疗。他们的数学模型评估了当前 OAT 治疗方案的效率,并评估了将这些方案扩大到 20% 的药物注射人群的效果。

考虑到地区差异,这项研究表明,在有大量注射毒品人口的地区,如第聂伯彼得罗夫斯克、敖德萨和基辅,扩大 OAT 剂量将极大减少感染和死亡。

研究人员还表示,除了扩大现有治疗地点的治疗能力外,将成瘾治疗扩大到初级保健诊所,以及通过可带回家的药物处方,也是获得有效治疗的重要途径。

原始出处:

Jiale Tan, et al. Effect of expanding opioid agonist therapies on the HIV epidemic and mortality in Ukraine: a modelling study. The Lancet, Published:December 23, 2019DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30373-X.

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