控制9种因素可预防中国40%痴呆

2019-04-19 卢芳 中国循环杂志

据悉,全球有近5000人罹患痴呆症;到2050年,痴呆人数估计会增加到1.32亿。

据悉,全球有近5000人罹患痴呆症;到2050年,痴呆人数估计会增加到1.32亿。

痴呆症包含了多种类型,如阿尔茨海默病,血管性痴呆症和帕金森性痴呆症等。

其中老年痴呆症,也就是阿尔茨海默病,占痴呆症病例的60%到80%。根据中国疾病负担报告,过去 11 年间,从死亡数变化来看,阿尔兹海默病增长了57.8%,在所有疾病中排名第五。

2017年发表的痴呆防治决议报告指出,避免儿童教育水平低、听力损失、吸烟、高血压、肥胖、缺乏身体活动、社会孤立、抑郁和糖尿病等9种因素可降低35%的痴呆。

但这35%是针对富裕国家的,对于中低收入国家有多大影响?

近期英国伦敦大学学院学者在Lancet子刊刊发的研究表明,控制好这9种危险因素,在中国可预防39.5%的痴呆症,在印度和拉美分别可预防41.2%和55.8%。。

中国、印度和拉美3个国家和地区的痴呆症的患病率分别为6.4%、8.5%和8.6%。

“我们发现,亚洲和拉美地区中低收入国家,痴呆症比富裕国家可以更好做好预防。比如提升儿童时期教育水平、改善中老年人群听力和肥胖以及体力活动,这些国家的痴呆症患病人数可以大幅下降。”研究者表示。

中年肥胖和听力受损以及晚年体力活动少,是所有地区痴呆风险相关的重要因素。

其中提高儿童受教育水平,是影响中低收入国家人群痴呆症的重要因素;社会孤立,是影响高收入国家人群痴呆症的主要危险因素。

具体到中国,儿童期受教育水平、高血压、体力活动不足、肥胖、吸烟、听力损害最为突出,控制好这6项就可预防37%的痴呆症。

就终生风险而言,儿童期受教育水平低可增加国人60%的痴呆症罹患风险;人到中年,听力受损、高血压和肥胖分别会增加90%、60%和60%的风险;到65岁及以后的晚年期,缺乏体力活动、吸烟、糖尿病、抑郁、社会接触少等因素,会增加40%~90%的风险。

此外,研究者指出,鉴于各国文化背景的不同,中国抑郁症对痴呆症流行的影响或存在低估,而对拉美地区或高估。

英国伦敦大学学院精神病学教授Gill Livingston指出,虽然并不期望这9种危险因素可以完全控制或消除,但只要改善就可对痴呆症的控制产生较大影响。只要延迟痴呆症5年内发病,就可将患病率折半。

这项研究中有12865位来自拉美地区,2162位来自中国,2004位来自印度。中位年龄73岁,62.5%是女性。

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    2019-04-20 Aaron.Lou9795

    good

    0

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    2019-04-20 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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    2019-04-20 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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    2019-04-19 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0