ADA 2019:糖尿病周围神经病变与哪些因素有关?

2019-06-16 国际糖尿病编辑部 国际糖尿病

糖尿病远端对称性多发周围神经病变(DSPN)、心脏自主神经病变(CAN)是糖尿病常见的周围神经并发症,其进展程度严重影响患者的生活质量。目前国内针对糖尿病周围神经病变的流行病学研究较少。本届ADA大会由北京医院潘琦教授投稿的关于DSPN、CAN的多中心横断面研究结果吸引了不少中外学者的关注。现就这两篇摘要做一概述。

编者按:糖尿病远端对称性多发周围神经病变(DSPN)、心脏自主神经病变(CAN)是糖尿病常见的周围神经并发症,其进展程度严重影响患者的生活质量。目前国内针对糖尿病周围神经病变的流行病学研究较少。本届ADA大会由北京医院潘琦教授投稿的关于DSPN、CAN的多中心横断面研究结果吸引了不少中外学者的关注。现就这两篇摘要做一概述。

糖尿病患者周围神经病变发生率及危险因素的多中心横断面研究

目的:该研究旨在调查北京地区1型和2型糖尿病大样本人群中与DSPN相关的患病率和危险因素,并对DSPN的诊断方法进行比较。

方法:通过问卷调查和检查,对北京市13个中心2048例糖尿病患者进行DSPN评估。将患者分为DSPN组和疑似DSPN/非DSPN组。比较两组患者的人口学、临床和生物学特征。采用Logistic回归分析确定糖尿病患者DPN相关的潜在因素。并对DSPN的诊断方法进行了比较。

结果:在2048例糖尿病患者中,73例为1型糖尿病,1975例为2型糖尿病。其中714例(34.86%)为DSPN,537例(26.22%)为疑似DSPN,797例(38.92%)为非DSPN。年龄、糖尿病病程、糖尿病视网膜病变是2型糖尿病患者发生DPN的重要独立危险因素。优势比(OR)分别为1.439(95% CI: 1.282~1.616,P < 0.001)、1.297(95% CI:1.151~1.462,P < 0.001)和0.637(95%CI:0.506~0.802,P < 0.001)。踝关节反射、温度感觉和震动觉是1型和2型糖尿病患者的最佳筛查方法。约登指数分别为62.2和69.8%。北京地区1型和2型糖尿病患者DSPN患病率分别为21.92和35.34%。

结论:患者年龄、糖尿病病程、糖尿病视网膜病变是DSPN的独立危险因素。

2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经病变现况调查

目的:糖尿病心脏自主神经病变(CAN)指因糖尿病导致支配心脏血管自主神经系统(交感神经与副交感神经)病变,引起心率异常、血管舒缩功能紊乱等,并可出现无痛性心肌梗死,甚至出现心脏骤停而猝死。CAN起病隐匿,临床症状缺乏特异性,易被患者和医师忽视,导致诊断延误、失去治疗时机而出现不良结局。目前国内CAN流行病学研究较少,为此我们在北京地区开展多中心2型糖尿病合并CAN患病率的调查,以探讨CAN临床特点和患病的危险因素,为CAN的早期诊断提供科学依据,以提高2型糖尿病患者并发症管理的水平。

方法:本研究为多中心随机横断面研究,对北京地区13家医院门诊2型糖尿病患者进行问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检查,并对所有受试者进行心血管自主功能试验(CARTs):(1)Valsalva试验(VR);(2)深呼吸心率差(BD);(3)30/15比值(LS);(4)体位性低血压(PH)。根据CARTs结果分为CAN组和非CAN组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响CAN患病的因素。

结果:1975例2型糖尿病患者被纳入分析,其中62.6%的患者诊断为CAN;CAN组与非CAN组在年龄、病程、教育程度、医疗支付状况、二甲双胍日剂量、二甲双胍治疗时间、冠心病、高血压病史、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯水平等方面有显著差异(P<0.05)。CAN组合并各种症状中,以虚弱(28.7%)、头晕(23.4%)尿频(19.6%)、上半身出汗(18.4%)、遗尿(15.9%)最为常见(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示年龄是T2DM患者CAN的独立危险因素(OR=1.040,95%CI 1.008-1.072,P=0.012)。

结论:北京地区2型糖尿病患者CAN的发病率较高,发病隐匿,临床表现无特异性。CAN会增加糖尿病的死亡风险,应引起患者及医生的高度重视。建议临床医生按照指南积极运用简单、准确的筛查方法对糖尿病患者进行CAN早期筛查,尤其对于老年人群更应加以关注,及早治疗有助于CAN的转归,改善糖尿病患者预后。

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    2019-06-18 般若傻瓜
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    2019-06-18 axin012
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    2019-06-16 misszhang

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