如何遏制抗生素耐药问题 专家:落实医院感染防控措施

2019-05-22 陈聪 新华社

抗生素在诞生之初,曾是消灭致病细菌的“神奇武器”,但随着抗生素使用越来越多,一些细菌开始进化出现耐药性,以治疗肠内杆菌等引发感染的碳青霉烯类抗生素为例,其耐药性问题已蔓延至全球多地。

抗生素在诞生之初,曾是消灭致病细菌的“神奇武器”,但随着抗生素使用越来越多,一些细菌开始进化出现耐药性,以治疗肠内杆菌等引发感染的碳青霉烯类抗生素为例,其耐药性问题已蔓延至全球多地。

国家卫生健康委员会医院管理研究所药事管理研究部主任颜青说,我国抗生素管理体系已逐步形成,管理模式从简单粗放逐步发展到精细化管理,但对抗菌药物管理的重视程度仍需持续提升。

今年3月,《国家卫生健康委办公厅关于持续做好抗菌药物临床应用管理工作的通知》印发,提出狠抓抗菌药物应用的重点环节管理。根据临床监测情况,继续对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物及替加环素实行专档管理,并做好其内涵管理,遏制碳青霉烯类耐药过快增长的势头。

碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药问题有多严重?2017年全国细菌耐药监测报告显示,全国范围内,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类药物的耐药率分别达到了1.5%、9.0%、20.7%和56.1%。

专家指出,这组数据意味着,如果任由抗生素耐药问题持续发展,一些曾经可以治愈的普通感染等,或将导致病人患病时间更长,并增加其死亡风险。

如何遏制抗生素耐药问题?国家卫健委抗菌药物临床应用监测网副主任杨小强说,对于临床医生来说,需要根据不同药品品种特性合理选用并注意使用剂量,如对血流感染、脑膜炎等重症感染和高度耐药菌感染应选择可大剂量用药的品种并给足剂量。应有效落实医院感染防控措施,对于耐药菌的控制也极为重要。

中国药师协会副秘书长刘晓琳指出,目前我国抗菌药物临床应用和细菌耐药控制情况各地区、各医疗机构间存在着不平衡、不充分问题,抗菌药物临床应用管理技术体系的建设还需要进一步加强,需尽量缩小相关学科之间在能力和水平上的差距,把发展体系的建设提到一个很重要的位置上来。

原标题:专家:抗生素耐药性过快增长问题需引起更多重视

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    2019-05-22 96427fafa

    遏制抗生素耐药,功在当代,利在千秋

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