NEJM:社区干预措施使收缩压多下降5 mmHg!预计降低30%心血管病死亡和残疾

2020-02-21 xujing 中国循环杂志

新英格兰医学在刊登的一项亚洲三国社区高血压干预效果研究发现,社区医护人员主导的可持续、低成本的干预措施使高血压患者的治疗依从性更佳,平均收缩压多降低了5 mmHg,提高了血压达标率。

新英格兰医学在刊登的一项亚洲三国社区高血压干预效果研究发现,社区医护人员主导的可持续、低成本的干预措施使高血压患者的治疗依从性更佳,平均收缩压多降低了5 mmHg,提高了血压达标率。
 
干预措施包括社区医护人员的家访进行监测血压,提供生活方式指导,医生培训和与公共卫生保健基础设施的协调等。
 
这些措施包括:血压升高者被转诊到医院,经过培训的医生处方合适的降压药物,协调员协助跟踪,社区卫生工作者监测血压,提高治疗依从性。
 
24个月时,干预组的平均收缩压分别下降了9.0 mmHg,对照组仅3.9 mmHg。平均多下降了5.2 mmHg。舒张压的平均下降幅度比对照组大2.8 mmHg。
 
此外,干预组比对照组接受了更多抗高血压药物治疗,每日药物剂量平均增加6.3 mg。干预组的药物治疗依从性也显著高于对照组。


图 收缩压和舒张压随时间的变化情况
 
干预组53.2%的参与者血压达标(<140/90mmHg),而对照组为43.7%。

干预组全因死亡率为2.9%,对照组为4.3%。
 
研究者指出,在社区水平上,收缩压下降5 mmHg,意味着心血管疾病导致的死亡和残疾减少约30%。
 
很明显,由社区卫生工作者主导、使用现有医疗系统实施的低成本的干预措施可以带来具有临床意义的血压降低,进而带来心血管的获益。社区卫生工作者在控制高血压方面发挥了重要作用。
 
这项研究是在南亚孟加拉国、巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡三个国家的30个农村社区2550名高血压患者中展开的随机对照研究,耗时两年。这些国家均存在人群高血压控制较差的情况。基线时,干预组的平均收缩压为146.7 mmHg,对照组为144.7 mmHg。
 
原始出处
Jafar TH, Gandhi M, de Silva HA, et al. A community-based intervention for managing hypertension in rural South Asia. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382: 717-726. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911965.

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