Cell Metab:节食有道,神经元阀门帮你管住嘴

2020-01-21 Reduction C 转化医学网

导 读:你是否曾经在吃过某种食物后恶心反胃,之后一旦看到它就失去食欲?这是因为胃肠道向大脑产生了一种信号让你产生这种恶心感。传统观点认为大脑中存在一种来自胃肠道的回路能够帮助抑制食欲,一旦被过度激活就会使你产生不适。

导 读:你是否曾经在吃过某种食物后恶心反,之后一旦看到它就失去食欲?这是因为肠道向大脑产生了一种信号让你产生这种恶心感。传统观点认为大脑中存在一种来自胃肠道的回路能够帮助抑制食欲,一旦被过度激活就会使你产生不适。



然而密歇根糖尿病研究中心主任Martin Myers却有另一种见解,恶心反胃尽管能够使大脑发出停止进食的信号,但是依旧应该存在另一条回路可以帮助人类愉悦地摆脱过度饮食。他领导的研究小组刚刚于Cell Metabolism 上发表了一项针对此种通路的研究。他们试图更好地发掘哪些神经元可以影响小鼠进食行为。

发现食欲“开关”

研究人员首先发现这种抑制食欲的肠-脑信号由一种含有降钙素受体(CALCR)的神经元触发,该神经元存在于后脑延髓中。

由于存在可以抑制进食但也会引起恶心的神经元,这也意味着大脑中存在不同类型的神经元或回路,它们可以通过不同的情绪反应终止进食。

当研究人员使CALCR神经元失活时,他们惊讶地发现,与大脑仅控制短期进餐量和进食量的想法相矛盾。将这些神经元“关闭”不仅会干扰肠信号对进食的抑制,而且还会导致食物摄入量的持续增加。老鼠变得肥胖,这表明脑干系统不仅控制进餐量,而且还控制长期食用的食物量。由于老鼠体内的能量失衡(输入多于输出),从而使得小鼠变得肥胖。同样,激活CALCR神经元会减少小鼠的食物摄入量和体重,但却并不会使肠胃产生恶心反应。

Myers和他的团队同时发现了另一个神经元CCK,它也减少了食物摄入量和体重,但却产生了肠道反应,这与CALCR神经元不同。Myers研究团队发现尽管CALCR神经元和 CCK神经元都通过投射到PBN(壁旁核)减少了小鼠进食,但CCK神经元激活厌恶性CGRP(降钙素基因相关肽) PBN细胞,而CALCR 神经元激活的是非CGRP PBN细胞。


CCK神经元与CALCR神经元参与的不同通路

减肥药研发新希望

春节将至,又是贴膘的时节,然而多余的脂肪除了帮助抵御寒冷之外,却也隐藏着危险,研究表明包括心血管疾病和糖尿病在内的多种慢性疾病都与肥胖有着密不可分的联系,严重威胁着人类的健康。

近年来,中国人口肥胖率呈爆发式增长,肥胖成为全民健康道路之上的大山之一。目前市面上大部分的减肥药在起作用的同时也会让服用者感到恶心,效用有限且无法持续。本项研究找到了独立于CGRP外的并联“开关”,使得研发一种可以开启“CALCR”功能(抑制食欲)的同时关闭“CGRP”功能(避免恶心)的药物成为可能。这种药物应当可以通过抑制进食并长期控制食物摄入量来控制体重,从而极大地帮助肥胖症患者。

原始出处:

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896597, encodeId=4f35189659e54, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 16:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961842, encodeId=a2111961842a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Feb 13 17:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871551, encodeId=dc8318e155173, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed Nov 11 04:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888104, encodeId=64911888104b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 21:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414145, encodeId=f6461414145e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e215868e93c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#节食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86879, encryptionId=e215868e93c, topicName=节食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=da0d3042812, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 04:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-04-19 一闲
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896597, encodeId=4f35189659e54, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 16:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961842, encodeId=a2111961842a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Feb 13 17:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871551, encodeId=dc8318e155173, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed Nov 11 04:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888104, encodeId=64911888104b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 21:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414145, encodeId=f6461414145e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e215868e93c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#节食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86879, encryptionId=e215868e93c, topicName=节食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=da0d3042812, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 04:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-02-13 维他命
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896597, encodeId=4f35189659e54, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 16:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961842, encodeId=a2111961842a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Feb 13 17:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871551, encodeId=dc8318e155173, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed Nov 11 04:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888104, encodeId=64911888104b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 21:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414145, encodeId=f6461414145e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e215868e93c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#节食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86879, encryptionId=e215868e93c, topicName=节食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=da0d3042812, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 04:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896597, encodeId=4f35189659e54, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 16:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961842, encodeId=a2111961842a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Feb 13 17:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871551, encodeId=dc8318e155173, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed Nov 11 04:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888104, encodeId=64911888104b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 21:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414145, encodeId=f6461414145e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e215868e93c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#节食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86879, encryptionId=e215868e93c, topicName=节食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=da0d3042812, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 04:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-02 智慧医人
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896597, encodeId=4f35189659e54, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 16:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961842, encodeId=a2111961842a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Feb 13 17:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871551, encodeId=dc8318e155173, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed Nov 11 04:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888104, encodeId=64911888104b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 21:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414145, encodeId=f6461414145e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e215868e93c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#节食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86879, encryptionId=e215868e93c, topicName=节食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=da0d3042812, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 04:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-01-23 lsndxfj

相关资讯

Sci Transl med:潜在治疗靶标,ASL新发病机制或被发现!

一直以来,科学家都尝试从各方面寻找导致肌萎缩侧索硬化症的原因,从而对症下药。12月18日,发表在《Science Translational Medicine》的一份新研究报告让人们对ALS发病机制有了更进一步的了解。

eLife:脑损伤激活胶质细胞产生神经元研究获新进展

胶质细胞是人脑中数量最多的细胞。但是,在人脑创伤情况下,胶质细胞的潜在反应和作用还很不清楚?中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心何杰研究组开展的研究,回答了两个关于胶质细胞如何响应脑损伤的关键性问题:损伤激活的胶质细胞如何进入细胞周期?损伤激活的胶质细胞如何选择产生胶质细胞还是神经元?近日,eLife在线发表这项研究论文。

Science:做梦时,大脑或在积极地忘记...

“多情自古空余恨,好梦由来最易醒。”关键是,一觉醒来,你是否还能记起自己的梦?

Cell :精神分裂症中诡异的小清蛋白神经元

精神分裂症的易感性由遗传因素和大脑发育和成熟过程中应激和感染等不良事件决定的。然而,这种慢性精神疾病具有一个显着特征是疾病的关键诱发过程可以出现在幼儿期甚至胚胎期,但精神病症状首先出现在青春期后期和青年期之间的过渡期。已经有证据表明精神分裂症与前额叶皮层和海马中小清蛋白阳性(PV+)神经元异常有关,但是具体机制未明。

Cell death differ:脑神经干细胞的分化发育

哺乳动物大脑新皮质是我们感知感官信息、运动机能表现以及高阶认知的基础。在哺乳动物胚胎发育过程中,放射状神经胶质前体细胞依次分化成兴奋性皮层神经元的不同种群,随后分化成星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。这些胚胎神经前体细胞的一亚群则作为神经干细胞一直持续存在到成年,之后分化成抑制性中间神经元和神经胶质细胞。虽然这些细胞分化的内在机制已得到了充分研究,但迄今为止,大多数研究都集中于转录、表观遗传和细胞周期调

Science:小胶质细胞通过专门的体嘌呤能连接保护神经元功能

小胶质细胞是大脑中的主要免疫细胞,在脑稳态和神经系统疾病中发挥着重要的作用。 但是至今为止,小胶质细胞-神经元通信的基础机制仍然没有被完全研究清楚。