PACIFIC研究为Ⅲ期不可切除NSCLC患者带来治疗新希望

2019-07-23 佚名 肿瘤资讯

2019年6月21-22日,由中国抗癌协会肺癌专业委员会主办、上海交通大学附属胸科医院承办的“2019全国肺癌大会”在上海顺利召开。就Ⅲ期NSCLC(非小细胞肺癌)的综合治疗进行专访。

2019年6月21-22日,由中国抗癌协会肺癌专业委员会主办、上海交通大学附属胸科医院承办的“2019全国肺癌大会”在上海顺利召开。就Ⅲ期NSCLC(非小细胞肺癌)的综合治疗进行专访。

刘晓晴,教授,主任医师、博士生导师,解放军总医院第五医学中心肺部肿瘤科,中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)理事会理事,CSCO小细胞肺癌专家委员会副主任委员,中国抗癌协会肺癌专业委员会委员,精准医学与肿瘤康复专业委员会副主任委员,中国老年肿瘤专业委员会肺癌分委会常委,中国抗癌协会化疗专业委员会委员,中国药学会抗肿瘤药物专业委员会委员,中国医疗保健国际交流促进会胸部肿瘤分会常委,全军放射肿瘤治疗学专业委员会委员,中央军委保健专家。

PACIFIC研究3年生存率达57%,为Ⅲ期不可切除NSCLC患者带来“治愈”新希望

临床中约25%~30%的NSCLC患者在初诊时诊断为Ⅲ期(局部晚期)NSCLC,针对Ⅲ期NSCLC的治疗,部分患者可直接手术切除,小部分患者可以先接受新辅助治疗,后续再考虑手术,而剩下的绝大部分患者只能够接受放化疗联合的治疗,这也是既往的标准治疗,而在放化疗联合治疗中,同步放化疗给患者带来的获益会更加明显。然而事实上,在过去10多年间,同步放化疗为这部分患者所带来的疗效其实非常有限。

近年来随着免疫治疗的快速发展,给晚期NSCLC患者的治疗带来了很大的希望,免疫治疗已经成为驱动基因阴性晚期NSCLC二线标准治疗,同时在一线治疗中,免疫治疗单药以及联合治疗也逐渐成为临床基础治疗。

在Ⅲ期NSCLC中,随着2017年PACIFIC研究结果的公布,免疫治疗也给这部分患者带来了显着的生存获益。在2019年ASCO年会上,PACIFIC研究更新了3年随访结果,Ⅲ期不可切除NSCLC在接受同步放化疗或诱导化疗+同步放化疗后未出现疾病进展的患者,给予PD-L1单抗Durvalumab(简称“I”药)进行巩固治疗,3年生存率达到57%,这是前所未有的结果,为Ⅲ期不可切除NSCLC患者带来“治愈”的新希望。

在晚期NSCLC治疗上,纳武利尤单抗(简称“O”药)二线治疗的5年生存率达到16%,并且看到了非常长的“拖尾效应”,患者的3年生存率和5年生存率相差并不大。PACIFIC研究3年生存率可以达到57%,可以推断在更早期的Ⅲ期NSCLC患者,其5年生存率应该是非常令人惊喜的,在为Ⅲ期不可切除NSCLC的治疗提供非常强有力保证的同时,也希望这部分患者能够通过免疫治疗实现治愈。

免疫治疗在早期肺癌的探索结果值得期待

免疫治疗的作用机制与靶向治疗、化疗或者放疗不同。理论上越早期患者机体的免疫功能状态越好,免疫治疗的疗效可能也会更好。但新药的上市往往是从晚期推向早期,在肺癌的免疫治疗上,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂也是从NSCLC二线治疗推进到一线治疗,PACIFIC研究是第一个在Ⅲ期NSCLC的免疫治疗相关研究,并取得非常好的阳性结果,这样的结果实际上告诉我们,免疫治疗的向前推进应该能够取得比较好的结果。基于PACIFIC研究,目前在Ⅲ期不可切NSCLC的治疗中,有关于免疫治疗与放化疗联合的多种治疗模式的研究正在进行中,也希望未来免疫治疗在Ⅲ期NSCLC的治疗中能够有更多的证据。

除了Ⅲ期NSCLC,其实免疫治疗在早期肺癌围手术期治疗也开始了探索。在新辅助免疫治疗上,也取得比较好的结果,如取得了不错的术后主要病理缓解率(MPR),但最终能否将病理学缓解率转化为患者总生存的获益,仍需要更多数据,需要拭目以待。

PACIFIC研究治疗模式的安全性评价

PACIFIC研究中进行Durvalumab实验组和安慰剂对照组总体的安全性是相似的,3~4级不良事件发生率两组分别为29.9%和26.1%,在巩固维持治疗组仅增加3%,因而能够接受同步放化疗的患者后续接受Durvalumab进行巩固治疗是完全没有问题的。但在治疗当中,仍有一些事项值得我们注意,这部分患者接受的是同步放化疗,同步放化疗本身比较受关注的就是放射性食道炎、放射性肺炎等不良反应。同时在免疫治疗中,尽管PD-1/PD-L1检查点抑制剂3~4级的免疫相关性肺炎的发生率只有5%左右,几率并不高,但对于老年患者,或是合并肺疾患、自身免疫性疾病的患者,在同步放化疗的基础上,再给予免疫治疗的话,就必须高度重视治疗的安全性,避免治疗相关的严重不良反应发生。

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    2019-10-02 jklm09
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    2020-03-23 珙桐
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    2020-01-01 bnjfy
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    2019-07-23 肿肿

    NSCLC下一步突破在于新靶点了,靶向治疗和免疫治疗基本见顶了,再有新的就需要新机制了

    0

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