原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤1例

2019-07-22 不详 影像园

患者4个月前出现头痛,无恶心、呕吐、头晕。伴有渐进性右侧肢体无力,走路不稳,记忆力减退。体格检查:右侧Babinski征(+)。实验室检查(-)。

【所属科室】

神经外科

【基本资料】

患者,男,65岁

临床资料】

患者4个月前出现头痛,无恶心、呕吐、头晕。伴有渐进性右侧肢体无力,走路不稳,记忆力减退。体格检查:右侧Babinski征(+)。实验室检查(-)。

【影像图片】



【影像表现】

左侧小脑半球可见类圆形实性占位,T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,FLAIR呈稍高信号,DWI呈高信号,增强扫描呈明显强化,四脑室受压变窄。

【病理诊断

手术切除部分小脑内病灶,病理为(小脑)非霍奇金淋巴瘤,符合弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤,活化B细胞来源,高度侵袭性。

【小结】

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphoma,PCNSL)是一种相对少见的中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤,起于脑、软脑膜、脊髓等。病理类型多为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,以B细胞为主,其中尤以弥漫性大B型占绝大多数。

多数病灶位于幕上大脑白质深部,如胼胝体、基底节区,小脑半球少见。PCNSL在常规MRI平扫中,T1WI多为等或稍低信号,T2WI多为等或稍高信号 ,与病理上淋巴瘤内有丰富的网状纤维、肿瘤富细胞成分、细胞核/浆比高、间质少、含水量相对较少有关。病灶信号多较均匀,囊变坏死明显较其他颅内常见恶性肿瘤少见,可能与淋巴瘤细胞围绕血管呈袖套状浸润有关;另一可能原因为淋巴瘤微血管密度较小,即血供较少,故囊变坏死少见,也是颅内原发性淋巴瘤低灌注的原因,PCNSL最多见典型强化方式为均匀一致的团块结节状强化,病灶表现“裂隙征”,位于胼胝体压部的病灶表现典型的“蝶翼征”。与其病理性生长方式有关,可能的病理基础为淋巴瘤细胞围绕血管袖套状生长,沿血管弥漫浸润性分布。PCNSL内含有丰富的网状纤维组织及细胞成分、细胞核/浆比高,导致水分子运动受限,因而DWI呈高信号。MRS出现明显的脂质峰提示可能为淋巴瘤。

需要与以下疾病鉴别:1、转移瘤,老年多见,常有原发肿瘤病史,“小病灶,大水肿”是典型特征,环形或结节样强化,弥散可受限或者不受限,病灶往往呈高灌注,易于鉴别;2、高级别胶质瘤往往单发,信号混杂,占位效应明显,高灌注,明显不均匀强化;3、肉芽肿性病变,起病较急,环形强化多见,弥散不受限,灌注不等。

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炎症性肠病(IBD)是一类多种病因引起的、异常免疫介导的肠道慢性、复发性炎症性疾病,溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)是其主要的类型。随着对疾病认识的深入,IBD并不仅仅是单纯的肠道疾病,其肠外表现及肠外并发症逐步引起关注。

原发性中枢神经系统血管炎影像1例

患者,女,46岁,头痛5月、加重2月,视物模糊进行性加重1月

精囊原发性平滑肌瘤1例

患者男,46岁。“左下腹部隐痛不适4天”入院。患者4天前无明显诱因出现左下腹部隐痛不适。当地医院超声提示盆腔肿块。我院盆腔CT增强检查示(图1,2):盆腔左后方肿块,良性首先考虑,来源于精囊腺可能性大。门诊以“盆腔肿物待查”收入院。病程中患者无尿痛、肉眼血尿及脓尿。既往史:1996年“精囊炎”病史,精液偶见少许血丝,近3年症状消失。

右心原发性血管肉瘤MRI表现1例

男,23岁,主诉:间断胸痛7年,加重伴胸闷、气短1周。心脏彩色多普勒超声示右心见大块稍强回声充满于房室腔内,其内见散在低回声,边界不清,形态不规则,大小约9.0 cm×4.3 cm。心血管磁共振成像(cardio vascular MR,CMR)示:右心房、右心室有巨大占位性肿物,最大截面长径约9.4 cm;T1WI上肿物信号表现与心肌相似(图1A);T2WI肿物信号表现为混杂不均匀信号(图1B)