Nat Neurosci:脊髓,或许比我们想象得“更聪明”!

2019-03-17 佚名 中国生物技术网

我们通常认为大脑是复杂运动功能和控制的中心,但我们的脊髓有多“聪明”呢?事实证明它比我们想象的要聪明。

我们通常认为大脑是复杂运动功能和控制的中心,但我们的脊髓有多“聪明”呢?事实证明它比我们想象的要聪明。

众所周知,神经系统的一部分沿我们的脊髓伸展,控制着看似简单的低级反射,如疼痛反射,以及一些运动控制功能。近日,加拿大安大略省西部大学的一项研究表明,脊髓也能处理和控制更复杂的功能,比如我们的手在外部空间的定位。这是一个全新的领域,该研究近日已发表在《Nature Neuroscience》上。

研究通讯作者、加拿大感觉运动神经科学首席研究员Andrew Pruszynski博士说:“这项研究表明,至少有一种重要功能是在脊髓层面完成的。这为我们开启了一个全新的研究领域,比如,还有什么功能是在脊髓层面完成的?我们在这一领域可能遗漏了什么。”

手部控制需要来自多个关节的传感输入,主要是肘关节和腕关节,而这些在过去被认为是由大脑皮层进行处理并转化为运动指令的。

在该研究中,通过使用西部大学大脑与思维研究所的一种三自由度外骨骼的机器人技术,研究参与者被要求将手保持在一个目标位置,然后机器人通过同时弯曲或伸展手腕和肘部,将手推离目标位置。然后,研究人员测量肘部和腕部肌肉对机器人干预做出反应所需的时间,以及这些反应是否有助于让手回到最初的目标位置。

图片来源:《Nature Neuroscience》

通过测量反应延迟,他们能确定这一过程是发生在大脑还是脊髓。

研究第一作者、Schulich医学和牙科学院的博士后研究员Jeff Weiler博士说:“我们发现这些反应发生得如此之快,唯一能产生它们的地方就是脊髓反馈回路本身。我们观察到,这些脊髓回路根本不在乎各个关节发生了什么,它们只关心手在外部世界的位置,并产生一种反应,试图将手回归它原来的位置。”

这种由脊髓产生的反应叫做“牵拉反射”,过去被认为它对运动的助力非常有限。Pruszynski说:从历史上看,人们认为这些脊髓反射的作用只是让肌肉的长度恢复到伸展之前的状态。我们正在证明,它们实际上可以做一些更加复杂的事情。”

这一发现极大地加增加了我们对神经科学和神经回路的理解,并为康复医学提供了新的信息和治疗目标。

Pruszynski说:“对神经回路的基本了解对于在康复方面取得任何进展都是至关重要的。在这里,我们可以看到这项新发现能带来针对脊髓回路不同类型的训练方案。”

原始出处:Jeffrey Weiler, Paul L. Gribble, J. Andrew Pruszynski. Spinal stretch reflexes support efficient hand control. Nat Neurosci. 11 February 2019

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    2019-10-09 liye789132251
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    2019-03-21 smartxiuxiu

    开玩笑,脊髓进化了多少年……

    0

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    2019-03-18 lsndxfj
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    2019-03-18 Boyinsh
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    2019-03-18 jyzxjiangqin

    大脑是复杂运动功能。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883633, encodeId=2580188363346, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Oct 09 11:42:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363288, encodeId=31423632883f, content=开玩笑,脊髓进化了多少年……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Thu Mar 21 08:07:47 CST 2019, time=2019-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1364470, encodeId=377613644e0bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7c5615628ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ROS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15628, encryptionId=7c5615628ad, topicName=ROS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=acc3210, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:42:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1620853, encodeId=343316208538f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d858084092' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#聪明#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80840, encryptionId=9d858084092, topicName=聪明)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=316420160942, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:42:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362942, encodeId=473c36294233, content=大脑是复杂运动功能。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:06:39 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362875, encodeId=6c333628e5a4, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Sun Mar 17 09:20:18 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-03-17 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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