Neuro-Oncology:科学家开发出小儿脑瘤新疗法 联合用药可减缓肿瘤生长并克服耐药性

2019-03-26 赵熙熙 中国科学报

美国科学家日前发现,在实验室和小鼠模型中,一种针对具有耐药性且易复发的低级别胶质瘤的联合治疗方案,能够减缓肿瘤生长速度并杀死肿瘤细胞。

美国科学家日前发现,在实验室和小鼠模型中,一种针对具有耐药性且易复发的低级别胶质瘤的联合治疗方案,能够减缓肿瘤生长速度并杀死肿瘤细胞。

约翰斯·霍普金斯金梅尔癌症中心和约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院的研究人员联合使用卡铂和依维莫司来治疗这些脑肿瘤。卡铂是一种标准的化疗药物,对这些脑肿瘤非常有效;而依维莫司可阻断一种被称为mTOR的酶。先前的研究证实,这种酶可加速这些脑肿瘤的生长。

研究显示,在实验室模型中,这种联合治疗促进了脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)损伤和细胞凋亡。这些研究结果日前发表在最近出版的《神经—肿瘤学》杂志上。

小儿低级别胶质瘤是儿童最常见的脑肿瘤,通常只能通过手术治疗。但是,一些患者的肿瘤位置比较特殊(例如位于视神经附近或位于中脑区域),做手术风险太高,或者手术后肿瘤再次生长。

约翰斯·霍普金斯金梅尔癌症中心肿瘤学副教授和小儿脑肿瘤专家Eric Raabe称,在接受过低级别胶质瘤治疗的患者中,大约有50%出现了肿瘤复发,需要额外通过化疗进行治疗。复发性肿瘤通常会产生化疗耐药性,因此研究人员想要知道用卡铂和依维莫司联合治疗是否会更加有效。

研究表明,单独使用卡铂治疗时,4种不同的人类低级别胶质瘤细胞系对药物无反应并继续生长。同样,单独使用依维莫司治疗时某些细胞系也会继续生长。

在联合使用卡铂和依维莫司治疗相同的细胞系时,这些细胞凋亡或生长速度减缓;另外,研究人员在小鼠模型中也观察到了类似的结果,且毒性并未增加。

“我们只是将低浓度的依维莫司和卡铂联合使用,就观察到了引人注目的生长抑制作用。”Raabe说,“我们发现,依维莫司破坏了癌细胞用来解毒卡铂的关键机制。依维莫司可增加卡铂的功效,这一结果表明,这种联合疗法可有效地在患者中使用。”

在先前于2014年进行的一项临床试验中,Raabe和其他研究人员确定了mTOR阻断药依维莫司在小儿低级别胶质瘤患者中的安全性,并且发现一些患者对药物有反应。但是,他们从未对这些患者的肿瘤组织进行检测以了解mTOR的分子作用。

“目前针对小儿低级别胶质瘤的全美国依维莫司临床研究要求评估每位患者的肿瘤组织,同时了解mTOR标志物的表达情况,而mTOR标志物的表达则可能预测对依维莫司的反应。”Raabe表示。

Raabe说:“我们希望通过这种方式弄清楚哪些患者最有可能对药物产生反应,这样我们就可以更接近我们的目标,即在适当的时候为适当的患者提供适当的药物。未来,或许我们可以向具有高水平mTOR表达的患者提供依维莫司和卡铂联合治疗。根据我们的研究,预计这些肿瘤可能会对卡铂产生耐药性,除非我们同时阻断mTOR。”

原始出处:

Brad Poore,Ming Yuan,Antje Arnold,et.al. Inhibition of mTORC1 in pediatric low-grade glioma depletes glutathione and therapeutically synergizes with carboplatin. Neuro-Oncology, Volume 21, Issue 2, February 2019, Pages 252–263

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    2019-05-15 minlingfeng
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    2019-03-28 jxrzshh
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    2019-03-28 kcb074
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    2019-03-28 SCI我的梦

    谢谢分享

    0

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