女性易发生微血管病变和舒张性心衰!美研究称,因女士比男士血管老化得更快

2020-01-17 朱朱 中国循环杂志

以往认为,女士中重要血管疾病的发生、发展要比男士晚10~20年。但是,近期美国哈佛大学医学院布莱根妇女医院Susan Cheng等发现,实际上女士的血管比男士老化得更快,包括大血管和小血管。主要的表现在于,从30岁左右开始,女士血压升高的速度就明显大于男士,此后这种现象贯穿整个生命过程。也就是说,如果以同样的阈值来定义高血压,一名30多岁的高血压女士的心血管病发生风险很有可能高于同年龄的高血压男士

以往认为,女士中重要血管疾病的发生、发展要比男士晚10~20年。

但是,近期美国哈佛大学医学院布莱根妇女医院Susan Cheng等发现,实际上女士的血管比男士老化得更快,包括大血管和小血管。

主要的表现在于,从30岁左右开始,女士血压升高的速度就明显大于男士,此后这种现象贯穿整个生命过程。

也就是说,如果以同样的阈值来定义高血压,一名30多岁的高血压女士的心血管病发生风险很有可能高于同年龄的高血压男士。

校正多个心血管危险因素后,女士(橙色线条)和男士(蓝色线条)在不同年龄段的收缩压(上图)和舒张压(下图)变化幅度

研究者认为,男女人群的血压变化早早就显示出差异,可能有助于理解为何两类人群中心血管病的发生时机和类型不同。

比如,女士更容易发生冠脉微血管障碍和射血分数保留(舒张性)心衰,有高血压等血管危险因素时风险更高。另外,与男士相比,女士的症状往往不典型。

这说明,男士和女士的心血管病生理是根本不相同的。这些也导致男女心血管病患者的临床治疗也存在差别。

述评专家指出,男女心血管病患者接受的治疗存在差异,一方面与两者的生理基础不同有关,另一方面是因为偏见。女士首先要拥有接受高质量、可负担医疗服务的平等权利,包括在研究中也要得到平等对待。

研究者表示,男女人群间血压变化速度存在差异的原因可能有多个,包括激素、染色体、基因表达,等等。另外,复杂的社会、经济和环境因素导致男女在生活经历上也存在差别,这可能也会影响血管生物功能。

该研究包括4个基于社区的美国队列,共纳入32 83人,其中女士占54%,年龄最小5岁,最大98岁,研究跨度长达43年。

分析显示,从30多岁起,女士中不论是收缩压、舒张压,还是平均动脉压、脉压,升高的速度均比男士快得多。

即便校正体重指数、总胆固醇水平、糖尿病、当前吸烟等多个心血管病危险因素后,两性之间各血压指标的这种变化差异仍然存在。

研究者进一步发现,在整个成年期,男士中新发心血管事件(致死性或非致死性心肌梗死、心衰、中风)的累积发生率明显高于女士(29.7% vs 20.5%,HR=1.61)。

来源:

1、Sex Differences in Blood Pressure Trajectories Over the Life Course. JAMA Cardiol. Published online January 15,2020.

2、Nanette K. Wenger. Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes for Women—Biology, Bias, or Both?. JAMA Cardiol. Published online January 15, 2020.

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