BMJ:广医附一院何建行教授团队发文:EGFR突变晚期非小细胞肺癌更佳一线治疗方案

2019-10-09 肿瘤资讯 肿瘤资讯

肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,约50%的亚洲患者和11%~16%的西方患者存在表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)敏感突变(主要包括Exon 19 Del和21 L858R);对这类患者,NCCN国际指南目前推荐一线使用表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)的靶向治疗。

肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,约50%的亚洲患者和11%~16%的西方患者存在表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)敏感突变(主要包括Exon 19 Del和21 L858R);对这类患者,NCCN国际指南目前推荐一线使用表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)的靶向治疗。

近年来,第二代、第三代EGFR-TKI横空出世,同时众多研究表明联合EGFR-TKI和其他治疗方式(比如化疗和抗血管治疗等)的策略在一线使用也表现出良好的疗效。

在如此众多的可选方案中,探究哪种一线治疗方案是EGFR敏感突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的优选,具有重要的临床意义和应用价值。

在现有条件下,网络荟萃分析是解决“众多方案无法全面实现头对头随机试验对比和进行综合排序”这样的难题的唯一可行方式。

广州医科大学附属第一医院、呼吸系统疾病国家临床医学研究中心何建行教授、梁文华教授为共同通讯作者,在读硕士研究生赵毅为主要第一作者,针对“EGFR敏感突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)一线治疗的最佳治疗方案”以网络荟萃分析的形式进行了深入分析。2019年10月7日,这项研究在线发表于世界四大顶级医学期刊之一The BMJ(British Medical Journal,最新影响因子为27.604),这是BMJ正刊首次发表来自中国的肺癌治疗相关研究,是我国肺癌治疗领域的一大突破。

当前EGFR-TKI呈现“三代同堂”的盛况:一代的吉非替尼(Gefitinib)、厄洛替尼(Erlotinib)和埃克替尼(Icotinib);二代的阿法替尼(Afatinib)和达克替尼(Dacomitinib);三代的奥希替尼(Osimertinib)。EGFR-TKI的问世极大改善了EGFR突变晚期NSCLC患者的生存预后。而一线EGFR-TKI单药治疗一段时间后,不可避免的出现耐药,为了进一步改善患者的生存、延缓耐药的出现,在现有可行药物的基础上联合更多临床可用的治疗手段的联合治疗亦进入人们视线,比如,NEJ026研究中厄洛替尼联合贝伐单抗(Erlotinib+Bevacizumab)以及NEJ009研究中吉非替尼联合培美曲塞为基础的含铂双药化疗(Gefitinib+PbCT:gefitinib+pemetrexed based chemotherapy),较相应EGFR-TKI单药治疗,均显示出更好的PFS生存获益。另外,既往研究表明:Exon 19 Del和21 L858R,作为最常见的EGFR突变类型(约占90%),对同一EGFR-TKI药物的反应性不同,故被认为是“两种不同的疾病”,具有不同的生物学和临床特性。

文章共纳入来自18项随机对照研究的4628名患者,范围囊括欧美及亚洲等世界数百家临床中心。综合疗效和安全性,共评估了12种一线治疗方案,受试对象均为EGFR突变阳性的晚期NSCLC患者,并在亚组分析中将人群分为Exon 19 Del组和21 L858R组以及亚裔组和非亚裔组。探讨的问题主要侧重在:

1.联合用药的方案与指南推荐的标准方案对比如何?

2.如果EGFR突变人群分成Exon 19 Del和L858R亚组,是否在治疗选择上有所区分?如有,那Exon 19 Del和21 L858R亚组人群的最佳治疗方案分别是什么?

3.不同种族(亚裔/非亚裔)的EGFR突变人群,治疗选择是否不同?如果不同,什么治疗方案是亚裔人群的优选?什么治疗方案更适合非亚裔人群?



网状结构图



各种一线治疗方案在总体人群上的排名情况

该研究以无进展生存(PFS)为主要终点,总生存(OS)、客观缓解率(ORR)和3级及以上毒性为次要终点(Grade≥3 adverse events)进行评估:

1.首先指出对EGFR敏感突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者一线治疗,吉非替尼联合以培美曲塞为基础的化疗(Gefitinib+PbCT)与奥希替尼(Osimertinib)在疗效上相当(PFS:HR=0.95;95%CrI:0.72~1.24;OS:HR=0.94;95%CrI:0.66~1.35)且均优于其他方案,为最佳的一线治疗选择。

2.在安全性方面,总体上,在各种一线治疗方案中,EGFR-TKI单药治疗的毒性更小。与其他EGFR-TKI相比,奥希替尼和埃克替尼均具有最少的≥3级的不良事件;阿法替尼具有更多的≥3级的不良事件。对于与EGFR-TKI相关的特定不良事件,阿法替尼引起皮疹,腹泻和口腔炎的可能性最大,其次是达可替尼。达可替尼发生甲沟炎和皮肤干燥的风险最高。奥希替尼、厄洛替尼和吉非替尼的毒性谱相对较轻;但是,吉非替尼和达克替尼引起更多的间质性肺疾病。联合治疗的毒性会增加,厄洛替尼联合贝伐单抗可能产生更多的≥3级的不良事件。

3.研究同时还独树一帜地指出:奥希替尼(Osimertinib)与吉非替尼联合以培美曲塞为基础的化疗(Gefitinib+PbCT)这两种方案分别为Exon 19 Del和21 L858R亚组人群的最佳一线治疗方案。

4.研究还发现:对于亚裔的EGFR突变晚期NSCLC患者,吉非替尼联合以培美曲塞为基础的化疗(Gefitinib+PbCT),更可能提供最佳的PFS、OS和ORR,而奥希替尼(Osimertinib)、达克替尼(Dacomitinib)、厄洛替尼联合贝伐单抗(Erlotinib+Bevacizumab)似乎呈现出相似的PFS获益。对于非亚裔人群,奥希替尼(Osimertinib)则呈现出最佳的PFS获益。



各种治疗方案在19del和21 L858R两个亚组人群上的排名情况



亚裔人群和非亚裔人群的敏感性分析结果

此项研究结果将为EGFR敏感突变晚期NSCLC这一庞大的患者人群提供一线治疗的最佳方案,目前的结论将帮助临床医生为晚期EGFR突变NSCLC患者做出适合的方案选择。在未有充足的不同一线治疗方案头对头比较的临床随机对照试验的条件下,利用网络荟萃分析的方法进行间接比较,以期实现各种不同一线治疗方案间的两两比较,最终,通过分析发现:基于第三代EGFR-TKI奥希替尼良好的疗效和安全性,奥希替尼为最佳的一线治疗方案,同时,吉非替尼联合以培美曲塞为基础的化疗的联合治疗也是最佳的一线治疗方案;以及Exon 19 Del和21 L858R亚组人群及亚裔人群和非亚裔人群均有着不同的最佳一线治疗方案,这些分析和探索,将有可能为临床实践做出重要完善和补充,也为未来进一步的临床试验设计提供参考。结合近期的研究进展,该团队期待更多以奥希替尼为基础的联合治疗方案的临床研究结果,我们相信这样的联合治疗有望取得更为显著的生存获益。

【研究者说】

该研究的共同通讯作者梁文华教授指出,这项研究在更广的范围内确立了目前第一代EGFR-TKI吉非替尼联合以培美曲塞为基础的化疗以及第三代EGFR-TKI奥希替尼的优势地位,EGFR突变是肺癌尤其是亚洲肺癌患者中最重要的靶点,我们一直致力于寻找最优的一线治疗方案,2014年我们发表了全球第一篇不同EGFR-TKI疗效对比的网络荟萃分析(PMID:24533047,通讯作者:张力教授),提出一、二代EGFR-TKI疗效相似,厄洛替尼和阿法替尼疗效和毒性均排名靠前;过去5年,不同的治疗药物和方案不断涌现,我们得以更新这个网络,完成了更高质量的评价,得到了上述的新结论。

此外,该团队也持续关注了EGFR两种不同敏感突变的生物学特性:2014年首次揭示了19del和21 L858R对第一代EGFR-TKI敏感性不同的现象(PMID:25222496),此后先后在2017年及2018年世界肺癌大会口头汇报了:在治疗前,这两种突变合并原发T790M突变和其他通路共突变的比例,发现21 L858R合并原发T790M突变比例更高,而这两种突变具有相似的共突变比例但不同的共突变模式等,探究了敏感性差异的机制。这些发现能够很好地解释目前这项研究的结论,我们发现:这两种突变各自的最佳一线治疗方案不同,19del优选奥希替尼作为一线治疗,而21 L858R优选吉非替尼联合化疗作为一线治疗,这个可能和两种类型的突变对EGFR通路以及旁路的依赖程度有关。

梁教授同时也承认,这些研究结论只是阶段性的,今年ASCO已经初步报道了奥希替尼联合贝伐单抗等治疗方案的研究数据,相信这些结果的产生可能有助于进一步改写目前的治疗实践。同时,在现实工作中,也应该融入更多的个体化和动态化的决策机制。

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2059840, encodeId=226d2059840a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc599381bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非小细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99381, encryptionId=2cc599381bd, topicName=非小细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e07307, createdName=lingaifan, createdTime=Fri May 01 12:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2069362, encodeId=c7e82069362b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=163726e178a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#何建行#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26717, encryptionId=163726e178a, topicName=何建行)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c66088, createdName=gao_jian4217, createdTime=Mon Dec 30 13:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1905110, encodeId=64d01905110e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f66464823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗方案#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64648, encryptionId=21f66464823, topicName=治疗方案)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5ee4187, createdName=zhangjiqing, createdTime=Sun Mar 01 08:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848867, encodeId=ff98184886e2b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 02:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534463, encodeId=bef415344638f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22b3e9887e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GFR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7988, encryptionId=22b3e9887e, topicName=GFR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0a812532020, createdName=liuyiping, createdTime=Fri Oct 11 13:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373716, encodeId=90733e371651, content=原来是meta analysis, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=090d49833, createdName=LaserDermatol, createdTime=Thu Oct 10 00:50:12 CST 2019, time=2019-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-04-07 gaoxiaoe
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    2019-10-11 liuyiping
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    2019-10-10 LaserDermatol

    原来是meta analysis

    0

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