European Heart Journal:空气污染+交通噪声,更易患上高血压

2016-10-27 佚名 生物探索

导语:一般认为,高血压跟饮食、运动、生活方式以及遗传有关。近日,发表在《欧洲心脏杂志》上的一项大规模研究显示:长期暴露于空气污染和交通噪声的环境中,对血压的影响也非常明显。空气污染和交通噪音已与高血压有关。高血压是导致早产儿发病和死亡的最重要的危险因素。高血压是早产儿发病和死亡的最重要的危险因素10月25日在线发表在《欧洲心脏杂志》(European Heart Journal)上的一项研究报道了

导语:一般认为,高血压跟饮食、运动、生活方式以及遗传有关。近日,发表在《欧洲心脏杂志》上的一项大规模研究显示:长期暴露于空气污染和交通噪声的环境中,对血压的影响也非常明显。



空气污染和交通噪音已与高血压有关。高血压是导致早产儿发病和死亡的最重要的危险因素。

高血压是早产儿发病和死亡的最重要的危险因素

10月25日在线发表在《欧洲心脏杂志》(European Heart Journal)上的一项研究报道了史上最大规模的调研。来自5个不同国家、连续5到9年间空气污染和交通噪声对超过41000人造成的影响。结果发现,在成人中,以每100人同年龄组计算,生活在城市污染最严重的地区,患上高血压(高血压)的风险显著高于生活在污染较少地区的人。

据悉,这种风险类似于超重(BMI25-30)与正常体重(BMI 18.5-25)之间的影响对比,高血压是早产儿发病和死亡的最重要的危险因素。

这项研究首次同时调查了空气污染和交通噪声的影响,并同时发现:交通噪声能增加高血压的风险。进行这项研究的方法能够使研究人员估计空气污染和交通噪声的独立风险。简而言之,即暴露在交通噪声中,空气污染与高血压的关联也能计算。因此这是一个重要的发现,可以针对减少空气污染和降低噪音采取不同的措施。

史上最大规模的环境与高血压关联研究

据悉,挪威、瑞典、丹麦、德国和西班牙共有41072人参加了这项研究,这是“欧洲大气污染影响队列研究”(ESCAPE)项目的一部分,该项目正在调查暴露于欧洲空气污染对人类健康的长期影响。

当参与者加入这项研究,并在以后几年的随访检查时,其血压的信息将被收集。刚开始参加这项研究时,所有参与者均没有高血压,但在随访期间有6207人(15%)开始患有高血压甚至开始服用降压药物。

其中在2008年到2011年期间,研究人员测量了三个不同的周期(允许季节性影响)的空气污染。他们用过滤器捕捉被称作“颗粒物浓度信息(PM)”的不同尺寸污染颗粒,包括PM10(粒径小于或等于10微米)、可入肺颗粒物PM2.5(小于或等于2.5微米)、PM-coarse(PM10减PM2.5)和可入肺颗粒物吸光度。这些测量在20个地点进行,并测量了每个区域中40个不同站点的氮氧化物浓度。

结果发现:在污染最严重的地区,PM2.5达到每立方米5µ克的量时,高血压的风险增加了五分之一(22%),此外高烟尘浓度也增加了风险;在暴露于慢性交通噪声人群中,生活在嘈杂街道的夜间平均噪音水平50分贝,6%的人罹患高血压的风险高于生活在安静街道的(夜间平均噪声水平为40分贝)。

因环境引发的高血压成为社会巨大的负担

德国健康与社会中心环境流行病学教授Barbara Hoffmann领导了这项分析,他表示其研究表明:长期暴露于空气微粒污染具有较高的血压发病率及抗高血压药物的摄入量;由于暴露于交通噪声与空气污染有许多相同的来源,从而混淆了污染对人体健康的不良影响的潜力估计。然而,这项研究控制交通噪声暴露,发现空气污染与高血压的关联并没有消失。

目前,全世界人民生活环境大多数远远低于目前的欧洲空气质量,而高血压是心血管疾病的最重要的危险因素。因此专家认为,由于暴露在空气污染中导致的大量高血压患者,对个人和社会构成一个巨大的负担。

原始出处:

Jeroen Bax,Bernard J. Gersh,Gerhard Hindricks,Ulf Landmesser,Christian M. Matter,Frank Ruschitzka,William Wijns. Lüscher.Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and traffic noise and incident hypertension in seven cohorts of the European study of cohorts for air pollution effects (ESCAPE) .European Heart Journal.24 October 2016

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    2017-07-20 爆笑小医
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    2016-10-29 zhaojie88
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    2016-10-29 slcumt
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    2016-10-29 yuandd
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    2016-10-29 xinmeili

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