便血不止,大娘当“痔疮”越治越严重!肠镜王子“内镜绝技”巧除肠内巨大肿瘤

2020-10-03 神操作 浙大一院

得痔疮的痛,很多人都经历过

得痔疮的痛,很多人都经历过

菊花残,满地伤,你的笑容已泛黄

生活中很多人一看到便血

就以为是“大姨父”驾到

其实便血有时候不仅是痔疮

还有可能是生了肿瘤!

杭州的王大娘最近就为“便血”苦恼

一查居然肠道里藏了一个直径为8cm的肿瘤

幸亏浙大一院消化内科医生施展 “绝技”

无创伤剥离巨型肿瘤

上演了一场教科书般的神操作

70岁大娘便血多月以为是痔疮

没想到竟患上结直肠肿瘤

王大娘今年70岁,是杭州一所高校的退休职工,平时儿女绕膝的她退休生活闲适自足。今年2月,王大娘突然发现大便带了有点血丝,加上平时有些便秘,她以为是自己得了痔疮,在药店里买了一些治疗痔疮的药,用了之后便没有再管它。没想到便血的情况并没有得到好转,仍然持续出血,有时候还会有黑便的情况发生,排便次数增加,有时候一天要排便4-5次。女儿看了之后不太放心,带王大娘去附近医院做个检查。

在女儿的陪同下,王大娘在家附近的一家医院就诊,医生听了王大娘的症状描述,建议她做一个肠镜检查,“医生,我就是得了痔疮,给我开点药就好了,做肠镜太难受了。”王大娘开始还很不配合,在医生的劝说下,王大娘做了肠镜检查,检查结果显示直肠距肛门约10cm处有一个巨大侧向发育型肿瘤,几乎占据了肠腔的2/3,好在病灶不深,活检病理提示为一种良性的结肠腺瘤。

拿到检查结果的王大娘,着实被吓到了,呆呆地望着医生,“肠腔内这么大的肿瘤估计得用外科手术啊,现在好在肿瘤没有恶变,及时切除不会有太大影响。”当地医院医生表示一般结直肠肿瘤如果病灶浅、没有癌变可以选择内镜下切除的方式,不仅创伤小而且恢复快。但是像王大娘这么大的肿瘤,内镜下要完整切除难度极大,风险也高,不用外科手术很难彻底切除这个庞然大物。

一想到要让母亲承受外科手术的痛苦,王大娘的女儿十分心疼,犹豫再三,王大娘一家人多方打听,得知浙江大学医学院附属第一医院消化内科陈李华主任医师的内镜下切除手术技术十分高超,决定最后一搏,到浙大一院再试试看。

内镜粘膜下剥离术

“消化内镜武林绝技”无创伤剥除巨大肿瘤

7月上旬,在家人的陪同下王大娘来到浙大一院消化内科就诊。消化内科陈李华主任医师对其进行了详细的问诊,并亲自进行肠镜检查,经过超声肠镜和CT检查,发现王大娘在距肛门10cm处有一个接近8.0*8.0cm的巨大扁平样的瘤体,沿周边粘膜匍匐样生长,活动良好。经过综合评估,陈李华表示,肠腔内这么大的肿瘤极为少见,要在肠道厚度仅为头发丝大小的肠腔内做内镜下剥除手术,在不对肠腔造成破坏的同时将肿瘤完整剥除,难度极大,但是如果选择外科手术,不仅对病人的创伤大而且恢复慢,甚至可能出现术后并发症。

“考虑到病人是良性病变,能不手术我们就不动手术。我们还是坚持精准治疗的方案,针对病人情况选择最佳治疗方式。” 为了病人的愈后更好,陈李华决定奋力一搏,挑战技术高峰。采用内镜粘膜下剥离术切除肿瘤。

内镜粘膜下剥离术(ESD)也就是选择使用特殊设备配件和方法,在内镜下逐渐剥离肿瘤粘膜层和固有肌层之间的粘膜下层组织,最终将肿瘤完整剥离,适用于消化道良性肿瘤,或是没有转移、病灶浅、分化程度好的早期消化道恶性肿瘤。

肿瘤巨大,肠腔狭小,而肠壁菲薄,内镜下切除的难度和风险都非常大,但这种剥离手术能够减少病人痛苦,而费用低又恢复快。

7月20日下午3点,手术准时开始,为了便于变化体位陈李华选择非麻醉下的内镜手术,通过内镜从肛门处小心翼翼进入肠道,很快碰触到了直肠中的巨大肿瘤。瘤体巨大而肠壁又极薄,肠道厚度仅为2-3mm,如同头发丝大小,操作空间十分狭小,为了让肿瘤和正常的基层组织能够有效分离,陈李华首先向肿瘤粘膜下层注射生理盐水,使得粘膜下层鼓起,肿瘤与基层组织得以有效分离,从而获得手术切割空间。

陈李华主任手术照

肿瘤的剥离犹如一场刀尖上的舞蹈,整个过程悄无声息却实则步步惊心,尽管陈李华有着丰富的内镜粘膜剥离术的经验,但面对这样一个巨大瘤体,他依然是极其小心翼翼,在微小的空间内辗转腾挪,一发现出血点就迅速电凝止血,尽量靠近粘膜层剥离,避免损伤肌层,减少术中出血或穿孔的风险。

手术全程由于没有使用麻醉,患者在清醒的状态下可以和医生保持互动交流,随时变换位置和姿势,使病灶得以更好的暴露和剥离。由于陈李华高超的技巧和柔和的手法,整个过程病人几乎没有感受到痛苦。

两个小时不到的时间,这个巨大的瘤体终于被完整剥离,从肛门取出,大得有点吓人,标本大小约8.0*8.0cm,创面肌层保持完整,没有出血。(由于照片过于惊悚,小编就先不放出来了~)

术后第2天,王大妈便恢复了饮食,术后4天就出院了。术后病理检查是管状绒毛状腺瘤,完全切除干净,王大妈全家都松了一口气,王大妈手术后由衷地说:“陈医生的技术太好了”。陈李华嘱咐王大妈过半年再复查就可以了。

结直肠肿瘤肠镜检查是关键 “肠镜王子”传授独门秘籍

陈李华表示,近年来结直肠肿瘤发病率呈上升趋势。如果出现便血腹痛,大便性状改变或是大便习惯改变等情况,千万不能简单当做痔疮来处理,以免耽误病情,要及时到医院做肠镜检查,看是否有肿瘤的发生。

很多人提起肠镜就吓得后退三尺,要把一个那么细长的仪器深入体内,百转千回,做之前还要喝“清肠水”把整个肠子里的东西都拉干净,想想都头皮发麻。不过陈李华作为浙大一院消化内科的肠镜高手,可是有一套独门“肠镜秘籍”,他做的肠镜,不仅又快又好,而且病人的痛苦很小,因为其高超的肠镜技术和良好的口碑,陈李华也被患者和科室的同事们亲昵地称作“肠镜王子”。

“一般病人在肠镜前都要喝下3000-4000ml的清肠水,有些医院还不同时间分次喝,过程冗长又痛苦,但是我给病人一次只喝1500ml左右,加上肠镜检查前宣教,合适的饮食准备,患者可以轻松舒适地达到理想的清肠效果。”陈李华表示他在做肠镜时尽量动作轻柔,以减少对病人肠腔的刺激,从而减少操作中的痛苦 。独到的肠道准备方法和轻柔快捷的肠镜操作,可以让病人轻松跨越难关。

结直肠肿瘤早期发现早期治疗

结直肠肿瘤发病率有上升趋势,但由于肿瘤在早期良性阶段发展缓慢,部位处于内镜容易到达的地方,进行肠镜检查可以发现肿瘤并加以切除,从而阻断了肿瘤的发展,降低了肿瘤的发病率。

早期结直肠肿瘤没有特异性症状,对于下列患者需要肠镜检查:中老年者、原因不明的便血贫血、原因不明的腹痛消瘦大便性状改变、消化道肿瘤标志物升高、有结直肠癌家族史、有家族性大肠息肉病家族史、有结直肠息肉病史者、有溃疡性结肠炎病史者等等。

生活中想要预防结直肠肿瘤,需要注意调整饮食,增加水果、蔬菜和膳食纤维的摄入量;还要改变生活习惯,加强体育锻炼,戒烟酒;平常要定期做好体检及肠镜检查哦。

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    2020-10-05 zxxiang
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    2020-10-05 huangdf
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