NEJM:第三代免疫检查点上场:LAG-3+PD-1,晚期​​癌症无进展生存期提高一倍

2022-01-10 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

随着生物学和医学的发展,人类对癌症以及自身免疫系统的认知愈渐加深,人类在癌症治疗领域接连取得重大突破,尤其是以PD-1/PD-L1为代表的免疫检查点的发现及免疫检查点抑制剂为代表的癌症免疫疗法的出现。

随着生物学和医学的发展,人类对癌症以及自身免疫系统的认知愈渐加深,人类在癌症治疗领域接连取得重大突破,尤其是以PD-1/PD-L1为代表的免疫检查点的发现及免疫检查点抑制剂为代表的癌症免疫疗法的出现,可以说是彻底改变了癌症治疗格局,为癌症患者带来了生的希望。

LAG-3(淋巴细胞激活基因3)和PD-1(程序性死亡受体1)均为 T 细胞上的导致 T 细胞耗竭的抑制性免疫检查点。之前的研究已经证明了 Relatlimab(抗LAG-3单抗)+Nivolumab(抗PD-1单抗)联合治疗对既往治疗过的黑色素瘤患者是安全且有效的,但对于先前未经治疗的黑色素瘤患者的安全性和治疗活性仍需调查。

近日,美国得克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心 Hussein Tawbi 教授联合全世界数十家医疗机构在《新英格兰医学杂志》(NEJM)发表了题为:Relatlimab and Nivolumab versus Nivolumab in Untreated Advanced Melanoma 的临床实验论文。

这项II/III期双盲随机对照临床试验,共有714名晚期黑色素瘤患者参与,实验组接受 Relatlimab+Nivolumab联合治疗,对照组接受 Nivolumab 单药治疗。临床试验结果显示,与对照组相比,实验组的中位无进展生存期增加了一倍(10.1月VS4.6月),且安全可控。在12个月的随访中,实验组无进展生存率为47.7%,而对照组为36%,实验组疾病进展或死亡风险降低了25%。

Nivolumab(抗PD-1单抗)是由百时美施贵宝公司(BMS)开发,已被批准用于黑色素瘤非小细胞肺癌等多种癌症的治疗,也是全世界最畅销的单抗药物之一。

Relatlimab(抗LAG-3单抗)同样由BMS开发,LAG-3是在效应 T细胞和调节性 T 细胞表面表达的分子,能够调控 T 细胞的应答、激活、增殖功能。临床前研究表明,阻断LAG-3防止 T 细胞耗竭,促进 T 细胞抗肿瘤免疫反应。

在这项II/III期双盲随机对照临床试验中,共有714名先前未经治疗的晚期黑色素瘤患者参与,患者1:1随机分配接受 Relatlimab+Nivolumab 联合治疗或 Nivolumab 单药治疗。联合治疗组给药 Relatlimab 剂量160mg,Nivolumab 剂量480mg;单药治疗组给药 Nivolumab 剂量480mg。均按每4周静脉注射1次。

试验结果显示,联合治疗组的中位无进展生存期为10.1个月,单药治疗组为4.6个月。经过12个月的随访,联合治疗组的无进展生存率为47.7%,而单药治疗组为 36%,联合治疗组的疾病进展或死亡风险降低25%。联合治疗组18.9%的患者和单药治疗组9.7%的患者曾出现3级或4级治疗相关不良事件,最常见的3级或4级不良事件包括胰酶和肝酶水平升高以及疲劳。

这是继 CTLA-4 和 PD-1/PD-L1 之后的第三代免疫检查点(LAG-3)抑制剂的第一个II/III期临床试验结果,也是第一个旨在比较免疫检查点抑制剂联合用药与 Nivolumab单药治疗黑色素瘤效果的临床试验。

研究团队表示,与 Nivolumab 单药治疗相比,Relatlimab+Nivolumab 联合治疗具有明显益处,无进展生存期增加了一倍,疾病进展或死亡风险降低25%。

在过去十年里,我们看到了免疫检查点抑制剂的历史性发展,PD-1 抑制剂和 CTLA-4 抑制剂的单药治疗和联合治疗均被批准用于转移性黑色素瘤的一线治疗选择。PD-1 和 CTLA-4 的联合治疗比单药治疗使患者受益更多,但也极大地影响了生活质量,严重不良事件发生率超过50%。而这项II/III期临床试验显示,Relatlimab+Nivolumab 联合治疗能够提供更好、更安全的治疗选择。

原始出处:

Hussein A. Tawbi,et al. Relatlimab and Nivolumab versus Nivolumab in Untreated Advanced Melanoma. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:24-34.

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    2022-01-10 病毒猎手

    能进入2022年#十大#

    0

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    2022-01-10 病毒猎手

    一年PFS快接近50%了

    0

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