NAT BME:通过膜蛋白仿生从头构建病原体特异性抗菌剂

2021-01-30 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

小分子抗生素是目前我们对抗细菌感染的最好武器。它们的过度使用导致了多药耐药性的广泛出现。引起耐药性的一个未被充分认识但很重要的因素是人类微生物组。反复使用抗生素促进了过度暴露的共生菌群中耐药基因的积累

小分子抗生素是目前我们对抗细菌感染的最好武器。它们的过度使用导致了多药耐药性的广泛出现。引起耐药性的一个未被充分认识但很重要的因素是人类微生物组。反复使用抗生素促进了过度暴露的共生菌群中耐药基因的积累,然后这些基因可以转移到病原体。人口网络能够使这些基因在广阔的地理空间距离上进行交换,从而形成一种全球连接的人类抗性。在个体中,这些共生群落在维持免疫和代谢稳态以及预防机会性感染方面也发挥着重要作用。因此,微生物群不仅是一个长期的耐药基因库,鼓励多药耐药感染,而且广谱药物对它们的破坏也会对健康产生直接的负面影响。因此,许多药物优先开发病原体特异性抗菌剂,尽量减少或完全避免使用广谱抗生素,以保护人体微生物群,提高患者预后和减少耐药性的传播。通过合理设计抗菌素,模仿目标病原体包膜的物理特征,在微生物细胞壁上产生超分子缺陷。利用天然跨膜蛋白作为模板,这种方法可以开发出仿生抗菌剂,在目标微生物包膜内进行模板组装,以实现对病原体的精确杀灭,同时产生最小的脱靶效应。本文应用这一策略来设计一种针对结核(TB)病原体结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)的病原体特异性抗菌宿主防御肽,进一步细化了命名为分枝杆菌膜相关破坏(MAD1)肽的主要候选序列。
 
MAD1最初的设计灵感来自于分枝杆菌特异性孔蛋白MspA。这种富含β-折叠的同型八聚体跨膜蛋白是分枝杆菌所特有的,它形成一个单通道孔,允许亲水分子在外膜上扩散。MspA的结构已经进化到在分枝杆菌细胞膜的独特环境中组装,这是由一个非常坚硬的外膜定义的,该外膜富含支原体酸。值得注意的是,MspA在其跨膜结构域中呈现出一条独特的色氨酸残基带,该结构域已特别适应于在菌脂-水界面处定位孔蛋白边缘。
figure1
两个组氨酸残基对MAD1的生物物理活性具有重要意义。这些组氨酸使MAD1在巨噬细胞的酸性吞噬体(pH5.5–6.0)(结核感染期间Mtb病原体的关键细胞生态位)内的pH触发组装。为了阐明MAD1自组装的原子机制,我们对未修饰(pH>6.0)或质子化(pH<6.0)组氨酸状态的肽进行了离散分子动力学(DMD)模拟。与实验一致,肽单体形成α-螺旋结构。MAD1的杀菌特异性随后被确定为针对一个包含有强致病性分枝杆菌以及多种革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性肺共生菌和致病菌的不同微生物组。此外数据证明了MAD1优先结合并在真菌膜内组装的潜力,以精确杀死多微生物共生环境中的Mtb病原体,而不损害健康的宿主组织。MAD1的裂解活性是通过其与霉菌酸的优先相互作用而获得的。测试了MAD1在复杂的多微生物环境中选择性结合其分枝杆菌靶点的能力。细菌学和哺乳动物细胞数据有力地表明,MAD1在复杂的细胞混合物中维持其分枝杆菌膜靶向作用机制,导致精确的抗结核活性,而不会对肺微生物区系或宿主组织产生副作用。
figure3
 
制备了结核特异性宿主防御肽MAD1,其最初来源于分枝杆菌特异性孔蛋白MspA,并通过保存在结核分枝杆菌特异性外膜蛋白中的分子特征进行了精制。MAD1组织成色氨酸拉链超分子组装体,重现孔蛋白模板的β-折叠丰富结构。MAD1的这些膜活性机制通过穿透刚性分枝杆菌包膜来增强其他药物抗结核分枝杆菌的活性,否则会抑制抗生素的细胞内分配,并且可以特异性地帮助氟喹诺酮类药物通过孔介导扩散到分枝杆菌中。综上所述,这些结果为进一步的临床前研究提供了依据,以评估MAD1的安全性和有效性,同时进行全面的遗传实验,以了解其组合作用模式、耐药频率和机制。
 
Simonson, A.W., Mongia, A.S., Aronson, M.R. et al. Pathogen-specific antimicrobials engineered de novo through membrane-protein biomimicryNat Biomed Eng (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-020-00665-x

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    2022-01-11 liye789132251
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    2021-01-31 xue8605

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感染性疾病是临床常见的疾病类型,其病原体种类繁多、感染途径多样、症状和体征存在个体差异,如果不能及时明确诊断、有效治疗,可引发严重后果。因此,如何对感染性疾病进行早期诊断和(或)鉴别诊断是临床亟待解决

Nature:支原体病原体潜入我们的防线

研究表明支原体病原体以独特的方式产生DNA以保护它们免受免疫反应攻击。这一结果为我们利用这种策略抵抗病原体提供了新途径。该研究结果发表在Nature杂志上。

Genome Biol:开发出有望识别致癌病原体的新方法

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Genome Biology上的研究报告中,来自东英吉利亚大学等机构的科学家们通过研究开发了一种新方法来寻找与癌症相关的细菌和病毒。

Nature:新发现!机体感染病原体之前 肠道微生物或会塑造机体多种抗体的产生!

肠道内生存的良性微生物的数量与体内的细胞数量大致相同,大部分细菌都会停留在肠道内而无法穿透机体组织,但不幸的是,肠道菌群的有些渗透过程是无法避免的。

J Periodontol:慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者临床牙周状态、微生物指标与肺功能之间的关系

这篇研究的目的是为了评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者临床牙周状态、微生物指标与肺功能之间的关系。