Clin Nutrition: 胸部肌肉减少症可以作为新冠疾病预后恶化的预测因素

2022-03-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肌肉减少症,是指因持续骨骼肌量流失、强度和功能下降而引起的综合症。骨骼肌是人体运动系统的动力,肌肉的衰老和萎缩是人体衰老的重要标志,非常容易引起骨折以及关节损伤等问题。

      大约 5-10% 的新冠患者会出现严重的急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)或多内脏衰竭。在那些发展为严重形式的患者中,71-75% 需要机械通气并且大约50%患者会死亡。几项研究表明,肥胖与重症监护中感染的不利演变之间存在关系,特别是当肌肉减少症与超重共存时。这些观察结果表明,除了体重之外,肌肉减少,尤其是胸部肌肉减少,可能会导致 COVID-19 感染的恶化发展。计算机断层扫描 (CT) 图像的分析现在可以通过测量肌肉衰减来评估肌肉量、脂肪量及其分布:皮下或内脏脂肪量和肌内脂肪的比例(肌脂肪变性程度)。现在公认的是,在 腰椎L3水平测量的肌肉和脂肪表面积的评估与许多病理并发症的发生密切相关,尤其是肿瘤并发症,此外,多项研究表明,在胸椎T4水平上测量的胸肌表面积评估是支气管癌手术中生存和并发症发生的独立因素。因此,本项研究旨在探究胸部和腹部肌肉表面积的评估是否是 COVID-19 患者严重程度或不利进展的潜在指标。

 

      本项研究是一项研究COVID-19感染人群的单中心回顾性研究。肌肉减少症的肌肉质量(骨骼肌指数 (SMI))估计、肌肉质量和身体肥胖的肌肉密度测量是基于入院时测量的 T4 和 L3 水平的CT进行测量的。最后研究人员收集人口统计学数据、肺实质受累百分比以及住院期间患者重症监护住院风险进行评估。

 

      本项研究共纳入162例因COVID-19感染住院的患者(男性 92 例,女性 70 例,平均年龄 64.6 岁,平均 BMI 为 27.4)。研究结果显示在 L3 水平测量的肌肉面积与患者的不利演变显着相关(124.4cm2 [97; 147] vs 141.5 cm2 [108; 173])(p = 0.007),SMI 降低(p < 0.001 ) 和 T4 中测量的肌肉面积 (OR = 0.98 [0.97; 0.99]), (p = 0.026)也与患者疾病预后较差有关。最后,在 L3 水平测量的腹部内脏脂肪面积也与住院重症监护的风险相关(249.4cm2 [173; 313] vs 147.5cm2 [93.1; 228] (p < 0.001)。

图:胸部肌肉示意图(红色)

 

      这项研究表明,胸部和腹部肌肉减少症与重症监护病房住院风险增加独立相关,这表明有必要在COVID-19感染期间评估入院时的肌肉减少症。

 

 

原始出处:

J. Koehler. Et al. Thoracic sarcopenia as a predictive factor of SARS-COV2 evolution. Clinical Nutrition.2022.

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