JAMA Network Open:无糖饮料会增加女性和肥胖者的食欲,不利于减肥

2021-12-23 “ 生物世界 ”公众号 “ 生物世界 ”公众号

肥胖既是一种特征,也是一种疾病,肥胖的人不仅生活不便、运动能力下降,还更易患代谢性疾病和心脑血管疾病。

随着经济发展和生活水平的提高,在全世界范围内,肥胖已经成为了一个主要公共健康问题。据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计,全球有近20亿人超重或肥胖,从1975到2016年,全球肥胖率翻了近3倍,每年因超重或肥胖导致的死亡高达280万。

实际上,肥胖既是一种特征,也是一种疾病,肥胖的人不仅生活不便、运动能力下降,还更易患代谢性疾病和心脑血管疾病,此外,许多研究表明,肥胖与十多种癌症的发病风险增加和预后及生存率降低有关。

为了减少糖对健康的影响以及肥胖的影响,越来越多的人开始食用人造甜味剂代替正常糖类(代糖),这些人造甜味剂具有糖类的甜味,却又不产生热量,人们认为其可作为一种健康的饮食方式,因此近年来广受追捧。

然而,人造甜味剂对健康的影响仍然存在很大的争议,它们对食欲、葡萄糖代谢和体重的影响尚未形成明确共识。

2021年9月28日,美国南加州大学的研究人员在 JAMA 子刊 JAMA Network Open 上发表了题为:Obesity and Sex-Related Associations With Differential Effects of Sucralose vs Sucrose on Appetite and Reward Processing A Randomized Crossover Trial 的研究论文。

这项研究人造甜味剂对人类大脑活动和食欲影响的实验结果显示,含有人造甜味剂三氯蔗糖的饮料可能会增加女性和肥胖人群的食欲。

该研究的通讯作者、南加州大学的 Kathleen Page 副教授表示,现在很多人使用人造甜味剂来帮助减肥,但这存在争议,有些研究表明人造甜味剂对减肥有所帮助,但也有研究表明人造甜味剂可能导致体重增加,还会促进2型糖尿病和其他代谢紊乱。

为了揭开这些相互矛盾的研究结果背后的原因,研究团队进行了新的实验,研究团队招募了74名参与者,将他们分为三组,分别饮用300毫升用蔗糖增甜的饮料、用人造甜味剂三氯蔗糖增甜的饮料、水。

注:三氯蔗糖是一种被广泛使用的人造甜味剂,具有无能量,高甜度,纯正甜味等特点。

这些参与者男女皆有,包括健康体重、超重和肥胖,以便于研究人造甜味剂对不同人群的影响。

在饮用后的两小时时间里,研究团队进行了三种检测或记录:

1、使用称为功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术,检查看到汉堡、甜甜圈等高热量食物的图片后大脑中负责食欲的区域的激活情况;

2、血液中葡萄糖水平、胰岛素水平,以及其他代谢激素水平;

3、参与者在结束时消耗的小吃自助餐的食物量。

功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究表明,与含有真正糖分的饮料相比,女性和肥胖者在饮用含三氯蔗糖的饮料后,大脑中负责食欲的区域活动增加。

该研究还表明,与含真正糖分的饮料相比,参与者在喝了含三氯蔗糖的饮料后,与饱腹感有关的激素全面下降,这表明添加人造甜味剂的饮料可能无法有效抑制饥饿感。

此外,女性参与者在喝了含三氯蔗糖的饮料后,她们在小吃自助餐中吃得更多,而男性参与者的食物摄入量没有差异。

研究团队表示,通过对不同人群的研究,这些结果表明,人造甜味剂会对人的神经和行为产生影响,女性和肥胖者可能对人造甜味剂更敏感,他们饮用含有人造甜味剂的饮品可能会诱使大脑感到饥饿,从而导致更多热量摄入,这显然不利于减肥。

这项研究也提醒了我们,现在广为流行的使用人造甜味剂的无糖饮料可能并非减肥的好选择,它们甚至可能增加食欲、导致体重增加。

原始出处:

Alexandra G. Yunker, BA, et al. Obesity and Sex-Related Associations With Differential Effects of Sucralose vs Sucrose on Appetite and Reward Processing: A Randomized Crossover Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(9):e2126313.

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    2022-07-05 feather89
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    2022-08-07 chg121
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1729236, encodeId=7a7c1e29236e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 15:52:33 CST 2022, time=2022-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1926742, encodeId=f69d1926e4214, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ecd81935b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肥胖者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81935, encryptionId=7ecd81935b4, topicName=肥胖者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7db99, createdName=chg121, createdTime=Sun Aug 07 18:52:33 CST 2022, time=2022-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083897, encodeId=5a29108389e20, content=点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211229/06a76a2523f847ee942d4607596da751/77e2b986f5b44ff7968842b4e64e6621.jpg, createdBy=e4256406712, createdName=ms7000002136561391, createdTime=Fri Dec 24 13:56:27 CST 2021, time=2021-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734438, encodeId=01c61e3443870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Wed Jun 22 20:52:33 CST 2022, time=2022-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083595, encodeId=7fd7108359537, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Thu Dec 23 16:47:45 CST 2021, time=2021-12-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1447131, encodeId=b331144e131b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=975010100260' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食欲#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101002, encryptionId=975010100260, topicName=食欲)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/SpcCrdwMXJSYUAG0eoicES3DbgMdjibhYzPShfjJHlHFdRicDAdug8NtPOdBbaYAuYOd50130Q7aibsD2YyL8YvQ2g/132, createdBy=166d5313584, createdName=yeye5224614, createdTime=Fri Dec 17 08:52:33 CST 2021, time=2021-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1554666, encodeId=63b615546667e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a70591102d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无糖饮料#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59110, encryptionId=4a70591102d, topicName=无糖饮料)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a23214540780, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Fri Dec 17 08:52:33 CST 2021, time=2021-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1245497, encodeId=cd26124549eeb, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Wed Dec 15 20:52:33 CST 2021, time=2021-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-22 canlab
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1729236, encodeId=7a7c1e29236e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 15:52:33 CST 2022, time=2022-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1926742, encodeId=f69d1926e4214, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ecd81935b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肥胖者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81935, encryptionId=7ecd81935b4, topicName=肥胖者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7db99, createdName=chg121, createdTime=Sun Aug 07 18:52:33 CST 2022, time=2022-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083897, encodeId=5a29108389e20, content=点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211229/06a76a2523f847ee942d4607596da751/77e2b986f5b44ff7968842b4e64e6621.jpg, createdBy=e4256406712, createdName=ms7000002136561391, createdTime=Fri Dec 24 13:56:27 CST 2021, time=2021-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734438, encodeId=01c61e3443870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Wed Jun 22 20:52:33 CST 2022, time=2022-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083595, encodeId=7fd7108359537, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Thu Dec 23 16:47:45 CST 2021, time=2021-12-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1447131, encodeId=b331144e131b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=975010100260' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食欲#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101002, encryptionId=975010100260, topicName=食欲)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/SpcCrdwMXJSYUAG0eoicES3DbgMdjibhYzPShfjJHlHFdRicDAdug8NtPOdBbaYAuYOd50130Q7aibsD2YyL8YvQ2g/132, createdBy=166d5313584, createdName=yeye5224614, createdTime=Fri Dec 17 08:52:33 CST 2021, time=2021-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1554666, encodeId=63b615546667e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a70591102d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无糖饮料#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59110, encryptionId=4a70591102d, topicName=无糖饮料)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a23214540780, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Fri Dec 17 08:52:33 CST 2021, time=2021-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1245497, encodeId=cd26124549eeb, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Wed Dec 15 20:52:33 CST 2021, time=2021-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-23 仁术2021

    不错,学习了。

    0

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    2021-12-15 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

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