GASTROINTEST ENDOSC:新型ERCP生物训练模型有效实用

2014-11-20 一鸣惊人13520 丁香园

临床上传统训练ERCP的方式往往是导师带教在实践中练习,这不仅受到伦理牵制,更重要的是操作者的经验缺乏会导致医疗风险的增加,所以ERCP生物模型的制作在近十年受到越来越多的重视,而现有的许多模型存在造价昂贵或者依赖活体动物等弊端没有广泛普及。 Jacobo博士等墨西哥、美国和巴西的学者共同参与了一种新颖、简单的ERCP生物训练模型的制作和操作效果评估,文章近期发表在GASTROINTES

临床上传统训练ERCP的方式往往是导师带教在实践中练习,这不仅受到伦理牵制,更重要的是操作者的经验缺乏会导致医疗风险的增加,所以ERCP生物模型的制作在近十年受到越来越多的重视,而现有的许多模型存在造价昂贵或者依赖活体动物等弊端没有广泛普及。

Jacobo博士等墨西哥、美国和巴西的学者共同参与了一种新颖、简单的ERCP生物训练模型的制作和操作效果评估,文章近期发表在GASTROINTEST ENDOSC上。

这是一种应用猪的胃制作的离体生物模型,模型具有两个创新点,一个是用猪的胃制作的模拟十二指肠,另外一个是用鸡的心脏和气管重建的新式十二指肠乳头和胆管结构。

容纳离体猪胃的外观容器可以选择塑料箱子(图1)或者人体模特(图2),其中图2中的模型由巴西的Marco博士发明并且已在他的ERCP实践训练课程中广泛应用。

图1.jpg

图1.(A)塑料箱子的大小选择50-60×30×40cm。(B-E)离体猪胃两端用绳子固定于两个20ml注射器。(F)电刀垫置于离体猪胃上。

图2.jpg

图2.人体模特的模型更有利于保护离体猪胃,同时对于内镜操作者来说更有逼真感。(A)人体模特两侧制作多个侧孔夹用于固定离体猪胃。(B)电刀垫置于猪胃上面。

研究人员先进行猪胃模型主体的制作(图3),为了模拟十二指肠的形状,将超过100cm长的橡胶管弯成袢状置于猪胃内进行缝合创建“C”的形状。部分胃窦、全部的幽门和十二指肠去除后,端口缝合,内镜由食管-贲门进入(粉色箭头)。

新式十二指肠乳头结构由鸡的心脏心尖部分(绿色箭头)与鸡气管(10F×7cm)做成的胆管和胰管的结构在心腔内缝合相连(红色箭头),环绕覆以胃或者食管粘膜组织,于“十二指肠降部”与猪胃结构相连(黄色箭头)(图3和图4)。

图3.jpg

图3.(A,B)模型制作示意图。(C,D)猪胃模型大体的制作方法。

图4.jpg

图4.新式十二指肠乳头制作的关键过程。

制作完成后,新式十二指肠乳头外观逼真,同时具有可更换性,研究在不破坏猪胃主体模型的前提下一共进行了10次乳头结构的植入和移除(图5)。

图5.jpg

图5.(A-C)制作完成、乳头结构更换。(D)导丝插入。(E)乳头括约肌切开术。

研究人员针对模型本身及操作体验对模型进行了评估分级。结果为,一个猪胃模型上可以相继设置10个新式乳头结构,每次的植入和移除操作都能轻松成功完成,同时没有对模型主体造成任何破坏,新式乳头与肠壁(胃壁)连接的稳定性出色。

内镜操作评估结果为,模型中内镜定位容易且结构符合人体解剖特点,能够将十二指肠镜成功呈现“曲棍球仗”状。镜下看乳头的逼真度评级为100%。仅有1例插管时借助外力稳定镜身后完成插管,其余插管、乳头括约肌切开术和胆道支架植入术操作均为顺利完成(图5)。

完成插管耗时平均为11±5分钟,尝试插管次数平均为3次(1-5次不等)。乳头括约肌切开术主观视觉体验逼真,质量评级为3次优秀6次良好。胆道支架植入术耗时平均为4±1分钟,无透视下,导丝的位置可经目视确认,近端胆管注入亚甲蓝模拟胆汁,引流效果满意。

内镜操作过程无穿孔、支架错位等不良事件出现,无不可逾越的角度、吻合口裂开等模型技术问题。

该模型与以往的ERCP模型相比具有材料易得、操作逼真的优点,甚至可以模拟个体差异挑战不同的乳头和胆管结构,将来可以实现取石术、胆道镜等更多的操作,对于ERCP操作者来说越多的练习就意味着更高的成功率。

模型目前处于预备试验阶段,仍需进一步的研究。因为乳头结构的可更换性,仅使用1个猪胃模型就可以反复进行ERCP训练操作,目前的评估结果肯定了它的实用性。

原始出处:

Velázquez-Aviña J1, Sobrino-Cossío S2, Chávez-Vargas C2, Sulbaran M3, Mönkemüller K4.Development of a novel and simple ex vivo biologic ERCP training model.Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Oct 8. pii: S0016-5107(14)02054-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.07.061. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2015-03-14 许安
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    2015-03-06 lqvr