Alzheimers Dementia:步行速度,可提前预测认知功能减退

2022-03-13 网络 网络

步态速度的下降先于认知能力的下降

步态速度减慢是正常老化的一个普遍现象,但也与主观认知障碍(SCI)、轻度认知障碍(MCI)和痴呆症患者的认知能力下降有关。步态是一种复杂的运动功能,受到许多不同因素的影响,包括中枢神经系统(CNS)的病理变化。缓慢的步态速度与认知方面的抱怨相结合,已被证明可以识别出有发展为痴呆症的高风险的个体。步态的不同方面已被研究与大脑的解剖区域有关

这些研究表明了一些具体的联系,如步幅与苍白球之间,或步长与前额叶皮层。此外,特定的认知领域与步态领域也有联系,如步态速度与执行功能相关,步态节奏与处理速度相关。有趣的是,尽管运动功能和认知密切相关,但步态特性已被证明比可检测到的认知变化早几年,并与认知衰退的速度有关。早期诊断造成认知障碍的疾病是非常重要的,这可能是能够在发生不可挽回的神经元损伤之前及时进行未来治疗的关键因素。

将步态和认知的信息结合起来,可能比单独的任何一种测量方法都能更好地识别出患痴呆症的高风险患者。步态速度在临床上很容易测量,对病人的风险最小,不需要昂贵的设备或对医务人员的培训。对步态特性的纵向评估可能有助于识别认知状态有发展或恶化风险的患者,并帮助初级保健临床医生更可靠地选择痴呆症高风险患者进行转诊和进一步检查,如脑脊液(CSF)生物标志物测量和磁共振成像(MRI)。

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是导致老年人进行性认知障碍的最常见原因。AD的病理特征是淀粉样β(Aβ)斑块、神经纤维缠结(NFTs)和脑萎缩的积累。淀粉样斑块的主要成分--淀粉样β1-42(Aβ1-42)的CSF水平先前已被证明在临床前和发达的AD中有所下降。然而,关于AD病理学和CSF Aβ1-42与步态速度相关的研究却很少。

在这项随访15年的纵向研究中,他们研究步态速度下降但认知功能完好的社区居民(n = 287)的认知能力下降的风险。还评估了步态缓慢和认知能力下降之间的时间关系,以及步态速度变化与CSF Aβ1-42水平的关系。

样本(n = 287)来自哥德堡H70出生队列研究,在2000年和2015年之间进行了跟踪。步态速度通过室内步行测量,认知能力使用临床痴呆评级(CDR)得分。所有参与者在基线时的CDR=0。一些参与者在2009年的检查中拥有脑脊液(CSF)淀粉样β(Aβ)1-42浓度的数据。

他们发现:随访期间CDR评分恶化的参与者的步态速度在大多数检查中都比较慢。基线步态速度可以显著预测CDR从基线到后续的变化。

2009年检查时CSF Aβ1-42浓度为病理性的受试者与以前的检查相比步态速度下降更多。

这些结果表明:步态速度的下降先于认知能力的下降,与阿尔茨海默氏症的病理有关,并可能用于早期检测痴呆症发展的风险增加。


原文出处:
Skillbäck T, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, et al. Slowing gait speed precedes cognitive decline by several years. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online February 9, 2022:alz.12537. doi:10.1002/alz.12537

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    2022-10-10 yuanming15
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    2022-04-20 anminleiryan
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    2022-03-13 weigq

    长知识。

    0

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