案例分享一:Ib期肺腺癌根治术后是否需要辅助治疗?

2021-05-27 叶波 网络

最近有很多术后的患者咨询我关于术后辅助治疗的问题,尤其针对Ib期的情况,很多人都非常困惑到底要不要辅助治疗,该怎么治疗。所以,拿最近咨询的这个案例跟大家共同探讨。

最近有很多术后的患者咨询我关于术后辅助治疗的问题,尤其针对Ib期的情况,很多人都非常困惑到底要不要辅助治疗,该怎么治疗。所以,拿最近咨询的这个案例跟大家共同探讨。

病史特点:女性,53岁,右肺上叶腺癌根治术后。

 

术后病理:浸润性肺腺癌,1.0x0.7cm。腺泡型,贴壁型,为中高分化。提示胸膜受累。无淋巴结,脉管,神经侵犯,未提示气道内播散。基因检测: EGFR21外显子突变。

 

首先,这里虽然肿瘤本身只有1cm,但主治医生根据病理提示有胸膜侵犯,将该患者分期为pT2N0M0,为Ib期。这里需要注意,这个胸膜侵犯并没有描述的很详细。而临床上,胸膜侵犯根据程度不同,分为4个不同等级。只有当肿瘤侵犯超出弹力层,即PL1以上才会影响分期,成为Ib期。而是否侵犯超出弹力层,需要做弹力纤维染色确认。目前在这个病理报告上没看到有关描述。所以,这里我建议该患者与主治医生和病理科进一步沟通这个胸膜侵犯的程度。

第二个问题。即使有胸膜侵犯,我们也不能将这类患者一概而论。在肿瘤<2cm的情况下,术前如果这个病灶是以毛玻璃成分为主,那么即使是有胸膜侵犯,也不影响预后。(这部分内容还没有写入指南,但最新日本学者的研究成果表明了这点。包括既往众多研究表明,纯毛玻璃为主的结节,根治术后一般不会复发转移)。因此,这里我建议该患者提供术前影像给我。

 

第三,2020年中国CSCO指南中,明确指出对于Ib期非小细胞肺癌,包括有高危因素的肺癌,由于认为化疗不能改善预后,降低复发风险,所以不推荐辅助化疗。(非小细胞肺癌术后的高危因素包括:低分化肿瘤(肺神经内分泌肿瘤但不包括分化良好的神经内分泌肿瘤血管侵犯、锲型切除、肿瘤>4cm、脏层胸膜受累、淋巴结状态不明。)

 

但2021年NCCN指南推荐对于术后有高危因素的Ib期非小细胞肺癌患者建议辅助化疗,并推荐对于不适合接受含铂双药方案的患者,可接受口服奥希替尼 80mg/日。这是基于在今年《新英格兰医学杂志》(NEJM)上报道的ADAURA研究结果结果给出的建议。该实验结果显示,与安慰剂相比,奥希替尼使Ⅱ-ⅢA期患者的中位DFS显著延长,两组的中位DFS分别为未达到和20.4个月,降低了83%的疾病复发或死亡风险。而在总人群(Ib-IIIA)中,奥希替尼组的中位DFS同样显著优于安慰剂组,分别为未达到和28.1个月。

因此,综合评价后,针对这个患者,我给出的建议如下:

1.由于这种情况下,辅助化疗不能改善生存期和降低复发率,所以不推荐辅助化疗。

2.是否辅助靶向需要结合两点考虑:一是术前影像是以毛玻璃为主,还是实性成分为主。二是大病理胸膜侵犯的程度到底如何。如果,术前影像实性成分较多,>25%,同时胸膜侵犯经弹力纤维染色确认,侵犯的程度超出了弹力层以上,则建议口服奥西替尼辅助靶向治疗。可以改善预后。推荐的靶向药是三代tki奥西替尼,疗程在2年以上,可达3年。

做好胸外科医生不容易,不仅仅只需要做好手术这么简单,还需要对患者术前,术后进行系统和综合的疾病管理,以最大程度改善患者预后。但临床决策常常不是那么简单,不能照搬指南,常常需要综合各方面利弊来最终决策。这就需要我们胸外科医生不断学习、与时俱进,永远抱着谦虚谨慎的心态做事。共勉。

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    2021-09-07 bioon3
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    2021-11-02 1382611959

    学习了!

    0

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    2021-05-30 12128b16m30暂无昵称

    叶老师的这种职业态度值得我们所有年轻人学习。

    0

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    2021-05-27 汉水人家

    学习

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