Toxicol Sci:空气污染或会通过影响胎盘中的基因表达对女性妊娠产生不利影响

2022-03-15 生物谷 生物谷

本文研究结果表明,孕期暴露于超细颗粒物的后代或许非常敏感和易感,这就强调了性别特异性的影响效应,以及减轻空气污染物颗粒物的暴露于对于预防不良健康结局的重要性。

2019年,空气污染在全球造成了超过660万人死亡,其占到了全球新生儿死亡的20%比例左右,主要是由于早产和低出生体重所致;正因为如此,致力于改善公共健康的研究人员和政策制定者们就必须理解不同类型的空气污染的不同方面及其相关的生物反应如何影响胎儿的发育。 

近日,一篇发表在国际杂志Toxicological Sciences上题为“Gestational Exposure to Ultrafine Particles Reveals Sex- and Dose-Specific Changes in Offspring Birth Outcomes Placental Morphology and Gene Networks”的研究报告中,来自德州农工大学等机构的科学家们通过对实验模型进行研究分析了空气污染对胎儿发育的影响效应。他们分析了暴露于不同浓度的超细颗粒物(UFPsultrafine particles)对胎儿发育的影响,以及这种暴露如何影响胎盘中某些基因的表达。

图片 

空气污染或会通过影响胎盘中的基因表达对女性妊娠产生不利影响。

图片来源:Wikipedia.

颗粒物是空气污染的一种主要类型,其由悬浮在空气中的颗粒组成,这些颗粒中最小的就是超细颗粒物,其尺寸小于100纳米。如今越来越多的研究证据表明,超细颗粒物在孕期会对女性和胎儿产生一定的有害影响,然而,研究人员并不清楚参与这些不良结局的机制。

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这项研究中,研究人员在实验性动物模型中就分析了超细颗粒物所产生的影响效应,研究人员将怀孕模型置于三组环境中,第一组是过滤后的空气,第二组是低剂量的超细颗粒物,第三组是高剂量的超细颗粒物。这些模型暴露在通常在城市中发现的超细颗粒物混合物中,其低剂量低于PM2.5的监测标准。随后研究人员测定了怀孕雌性模型的胎盘和胎儿,并分析了其胎盘组织中基因的表达情况,具体而言,研究者发现了负责抗氧化、炎性和脂质运输活动的基因发生了表达的改变。

研究者发现,低剂量组的胎儿和胎盘尺寸都发生了明显的减少,而且雄性和雌性胎儿机体的体重也发生了明显下降;同时研究者还发现了多个基因表达的改变,且低剂量组机体中基因表达的变化要高于高剂量组,雌性胎儿机体中基因表达的变化要高于雄性胎儿。

此外,研究者还发现,在两个剂量组的雄性和雌性胎儿中,抗氧化和炎性基因的表达水平都有所增加,而且负责脂质代谢的基因表达出现了干扰;这些基因表达方式的改变或会以一种特殊的方式来影响机体的特殊生理学过程,从而就会增加诸如先兆子痫等不良妊娠结局的风险。

这些研究结果揭示了超细颗粒物的暴露影响女性怀孕背后的一些生物学机制,然而,研究人员指出,这项研究依赖于对许多不同细胞类型的分析,后期研究人员将会重点研究分析单一细胞类型,并进一步阐明超细颗粒物对胎盘和胎儿发育的影响效应。此外,研究者还认为他们需要进行更深入的分析从而阐明雄性和雌性胎儿之间出现差异背后的可能性机制。

本文研究结果与解释超细颗粒物负面影响怀孕的结果相一致,有了基因表达改变和其它效应更多相关信息,科学家们将会进一步开始研究分析空气污染到底是如何影响胎儿发育的,理解其背后的机制或有望帮助研究人员开发新型策略来减缓全球空气污染对人类机体健康的负面影响。综上,本文研究结果表明,孕期暴露于超细颗粒物的后代或许非常敏感和易感,这就强调了性别特异性的影响效应,以及减轻空气污染物颗粒物的暴露于对于预防不良健康结局的重要性。

原始出处:

Jonathan C Behlen, Carmen H Lau, Yixin Li, et al. Gestational Exposure to Ultrafine Particles Reveals Sex- and Dose-Specific Changes in Offspring Birth Outcomes, Placental Morphology, and Gene Networks, Toxicological Sciences (2021). DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfab118

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