EJNMMI:利用SPECT心肌灌注成像和心肌灌注熵定量对2型糖尿病鼠模型冠状动脉微血管功能障碍的无创评估

2021-11-14 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

冠状动脉微血管功能障碍(CMVD)被认为是缺血性心脏病发生的主要因素,因此心血管死亡率与是否存在大血管疾病无关。越

   冠状动脉微血管功能障碍(CMVD)被认为是缺血性心脏病发生的主要因素,因此心血管死亡率与是否存在大血管疾病无关。越来越多的人认识到CMVD在心血管疾病死亡率中的作用,这是由于新的侵袭性技术的发展,使其能够进行评估。也有人认为,目前心血管危险因素的流行病学转变,如肥胖和葡萄糖不耐受,可能客观上推动了CMVD患病率的增加。这些情况是发生2型糖尿病(T2D)的主要危险因素,而T2D本身与CMVD有关。CMVD因此被认为是一个重要的临床标志物,其评估将为有或无心外膜大血管疾病患者的风险分层提供宝贵的信息。近期提出了心肌灌注熵(MPE)定量SPECT心肌灌注成像(MPI)对CVE发生预后的临床潜力。使用SPECT心肌灌注成像的常规无创负荷试验可以独立于大血管疾病发现灌注异常,并可归因于CMVD。然而,常规的SPECT灌注图像心肌缺血专家分析不能以可接受的敏感性和特异性诊断CMVD。在这种情况下,我们最近从常规获得的SPECT心肌灌注图像中证实了心血管高危T2D患者心肌灌注熵(MPE)定量的预测潜力。然而,MPE临床相关性的潜在机制仍有待确定。在本研究中,我们旨在进一步研究临床前T2D模型中MPE和CMVD之间的关系。因此,本研究的具体目标是评估MPE定量评估CMVD的可能性,并确定最近证实的胰高血糖素样肽-1类似物利拉鲁肽的有益心血管效应是否与MPE和CMVD的相应变化有关。

方法:图1描述了该研究的流程图。82只7周龄雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(法国Envigo或法国Charles River)被分配到可行性(F)研究或治疗性(T)研究。在纳入方案之前,动物被允许有2周的稳定期。对照(CTL)动物(F-CTL, F-CTL- ACD, T-CTL组;ACD:急性冠脉功能障碍,见可行性(F)研究小节),喂食标准鼠粮(18%蛋白质,4.5%脂肪,54%碳水化合物,Serlab参考文献3436)。糖尿病动物(F-T2D, F-T2D- ACD, T-T2D,T-T2D-LIR组)饲喂高脂饲料(18.7%蛋白质、40.7%脂肪、40.6%碳水化合物,Envigo TD96132)。2周后,用链脲佐菌素(STZ, 35 mg/kg, 0.1 M柠檬酸缓冲液pH 4.5)[12]腹腔注射诱发糖尿病。对照组动物注射柠檬酸缓冲液。在所有动物中,采用尾部切口和血糖仪(Accuchek Performa,罗氏)每周评估两次非空腹毛细血管血糖水平,并在STZ或vehicle注射后一周进行每日评估。非空腹血糖>为2.5 g/L的动物视为糖尿病。如果在1周未达到这一阈值,则给予额外的30 mg/kg剂量的STZ。体重每周评估一次。采用201Tl SPECT MPI法测定MPE临床前定量的最佳条件(可行性研究,n = 43)。在这样的条件下,使用超声心动图和死后左室毛细血管密度评估来评估LIR的影响和MPE评估CMVD的能力(治疗性研究,n = 39)。

结果:可行性研究发现多巴酚丁胺应激、急性NO合酶和环氧化酶抑制是MPE量化的最佳条件,T2D动物MPE显著增加(与对照组相比P < 0.01)。在治疗研究中,T2D老鼠血糖增高(5.5±0.5 vs 1.1±0.3 g / L的控制,P < 0.001)显著降低左心室射血分数(LVEF)(65±4% vs 74±9%,P < 0.01)和LV毛细血管密度(2400±300 vs 2800±600毫米−3,P < 0.05)。LIR部分恢复了血糖(3.9±0.6 g/L,与对照组和T2D相比P < 0.05),完全预防了LVEF损伤(72±7%,P = NS vs CTL),但对毛细血管密度无显著影响。T2D大鼠MPE明显升高(7.6±0.5 vs 7.1±0.5,P < 0.05), T2D- LI大鼠MPE无明显改善(7.4±0.4,P = NS vs对照组和T2D)。

图1 本研究的流程图。CTL,对照;T2D,2型糖尿病;ACD,急性冠状动脉功能不全;S/R,应激/休息;LIRA,利拉鲁肽;TTE,经胸超声心动图

图2 用于可行性(F)(A)和治疗性(T)研究(B)的实验方案。ACD,急性冠状动脉功能不全;多巴酚丁胺;L-NAME,L-NG-硝基精氨酸甲酯;MCF,甲氯芬酸;LIR,利拉鲁肽;TTE,经胸超声心动图

图3 MPE自动定量的原理图步骤。SA切片用于将SPECT图像转换为灌注二维图,像素强度值用于MPE的量化

表 非空腹血糖和体重指数数据

图3 具有代表性的201Tl SPECT心肌灌注图像对各实验组动物的可行性和治疗性进行了研究。括号中为心肌灌注熵(MPE)对应值

图4 从休息和应激两方面对MPE实验组进行可行性研究。*与F-CTL或F-CTL- acd相比,P < 0.05;†P < 0.01 vs F-CTL或F-CTLACD

结论:MPE定量可以对CMVD进行临床前无创评估。MPE和毛细管密度定量均提示LIR对t2d诱导的CMVD无改善作用。MPE与CMVD评估的相关性值得进一步的临床研究。

原文出处:

Carabelli A,  Canu M,  de Fondaumière M,et al.Noninvasive assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction using SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging and myocardial perfusion entropy quantification in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes.Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021 Aug 21

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    2021-11-16 mgqwxj
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