JAMA Netw open:中国内蒙古地区儿童癌症诊断和医疗服务情况如何?

2022-09-18 liangying MedSci原创

蒙古儿童的癌症发病率和患病率较高,但对医疗保健的需求较低。这表明需要进一步调查,以确定族裔差异背后的机制,并确保医疗卫生保健是公平的。

据估计,全世界每年有40万例儿童诊断癌症,发病率正在不断上升。由于获得治疗的机会不平等、医疗费用高、残疾调整后的生命年费用巨大、在缺乏癌症导向治疗的情况下预后不佳以及严重的长期影响,给全世界儿童带来了严重的疾病负担。

中国正在经历儿童癌症的持续增长。然而,不同种族的疾病负担是否存在差异尚不清楚。本研究比较了内蒙古地区按民族(汉族与蒙古族)、性别和年龄分组的儿童在癌症诊断和卫生保健利用方面的差异。

这项在中国内蒙古进行的回顾性队列研究使用了2013年1月1日至2019年12月31日来自内蒙古地区健康信息平台0至14岁癌症儿童数据。分析的民族包括汉族和蒙古族;由于样本量小,其他种族的患者未纳入分析。癌症被广泛定义为原发性恶性肿瘤或血液系统癌症;良性中枢神经系统肿瘤也包括在内。诊断后,对患者进行随访,直至死亡日期或投保状态结束。

2013年至2019年,国家统计局数据库中分别登记了1106684(2013年)、1330242(2014年)、1763746(2015年)、2400343(2016年)、2245963(2017年)、2901088(2018年)和2996580(2019年)名0至14岁儿童。共确定了1910名癌症患者。有764例血液肿瘤(40.0%)和1146例实体肿瘤(60.0%)。2015年至2019年的总体癌症粗发病率为每百万儿童129.85例,蒙古族儿童的发病率高于汉族儿童。2020年的儿童癌症的5年患病率为428.97/百万,蒙古族儿童的患病率高于汉族儿童。

2015-2019年内蒙古儿童癌症发病率(每百万儿童)

1年(2015年-2019年)和3年(2015-2017年)联合生存率分别为72.5%和66.8%。蒙古族儿童的1年和3年诊断后费用低于汉族儿童。蒙古族患者在低级别医院就诊的比例较高(45.9%比17.4%)。

在这项队列研究中,研究者发现蒙古儿童的癌症发病率和患病率较高,但对医疗保健的需求较低,这表明需要进一步调查,以确定族裔差异背后的机制,并确保医疗卫生保健是公平的。

参考文献:Zhou H, Qiao L, Zhang Y, et al. Association of Ethnicity, Sex, and Age With Cancer Diagnoses and Health Care Utilization Among Children in Inner Mongolia, China. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(9):e2231182. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31182

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    2022-10-16 feather89
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    2022-11-18 xugumin
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    2023-02-25 canlab
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