Acta Neuropathologica: 神经元AD-tau病理的成熟包括在构象改变和原纤维形成之前细胞质和突触tau的位点特异性磷酸化

2021-02-15 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

阿尔兹海默病(AD)的两个主要病理特征是以神经原纤维缠结(NFTs)形式存在的细胞内tau蛋白聚集体和斑块中淀粉样β蛋白(Aβ)的细胞外沉积。

阿尔兹海默病(AD)的两个主要病理特征是以神经原纤维缠结(NFTs)形式存在的细胞内tau蛋白聚集体和斑块中淀粉样β蛋白(Aβ)的细胞外沉积。Aβ和tau都沿着神经解剖学的传播途径在大脑中传播。在AD中,tau蛋白经历了一个多步骤的过程,包括从天然的未折叠单体到大的聚集结构如NFTs的转变。然而,目前尚不清楚哪些事件引发了AD早期临床前阶段以及它们是否对疾病后期tau病理学的传播有影响。

为了解决这个问题,本文研究分析了T231、S396/S404和S202/T205磷酸化、MC1表位构象修饰和Gallyas法检测到的纤维状tau(Gallyas-tau)在15例有症状和20例无症状AD患者以及19例非AD患者脑中的分布。作为最初的tau损伤,我们发现磷酸化的T231-tau广泛分布在体髓间隔(IC tau)内,磷酸化的S396/pS404 tau分布在白质的轴突损伤和神经肽(IN-tau)内。pT231-tau在细胞体中的亚细胞定位和pS396/pS404-tau在突触前的定位在hP301L突变果蝇幼虫中得到证实。而磷酸化的S202/T205-tau、MC1-tau和Gallyas-tau对这些病变均呈阴性。

本研究在人脑的所有分析区域中都观察到了IC-tau和IN-tau,包括在非AD患者的早期受累区域(内嗅皮质)和症状性AD患者的晚期受累区域(小脑),这表明tau在传播到以前未受影响的区域时,其病理启动遵循类似的过程。此外,我们还观察到一系列与AD相关的tau聚集体成熟,首先是IC-tau和IN-tau的出现,然后是pT231 tau、pS396/pS404 tau和pS202/pT205 tau的前角形成,随后是MC1构象tau,最后是Gallyas阳性NFTs的形成。

综上所述,本研究扩展了关于AD临床前阶段的知识,特别是关于tau聚集形成的初始事件序列以及tau病理学传播到未受影响的大脑区域时发生的过程。

Aragão Gomes, L., Uytterhoeven, V., Lopez-Sanmartin, D. et al. Maturation of neuronal AD-tau pathology involves site-specific phosphorylation of cytoplasmic and synaptic tau preceding conformational change and fibril formation. Acta Neuropathol 141, 173–192 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-020-02251-6

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    2021-07-13 yb6560
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    2021-07-15 windight
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    2021-07-31 zhmscau
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    2021-02-17 hb2008ye

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