J Clin Oncol:晚期肾癌新药卡博替尼:能否兼顾生命的长度和质量?

2018-02-04 慧语 肿瘤资讯

METEOR研究(NCT01865747)是2016年晚期肾癌(RCC)领域的一项重磅研究。对既往接受过至少1种VEGFR-TKI治疗并在6个月内进展的晚期RCC患者,卡博替尼显示了生存的获益。但关于晚期RCC的治疗,生活质量同样是非常重要的。那么卡博替尼治疗的患者生活质量如何呢?

METEOR研究(NCT01865747)是2016年晚期肾癌(RCC)领域的一项重磅研究。对既往接受过至少1种VEGFR-TKI治疗并在6个月内进展的晚期RCC患者,卡博替尼显示了生存的获益。但关于晚期RCC的治疗,生活质量同样是非常重要的。那么卡博替尼治疗的患者生活质量如何呢?

背 景

全球每年约33万人被诊断为RCC,近年来发病率呈上升趋势,男性高于女性,多发于60~70岁人群。许多患者在初诊时就已经是晚期,对于晚期RCC患者公认一线治疗药物包括VEGFR-TKI舒尼替尼和帕唑帕尼;而二线标准治疗同样是VEGFR-TKI药物卡博替尼、阿昔替尼和索拉非尼。2016年在《Lancet Oncol》上发表的III期METEOR研究显示,卡博替尼用于既往接受过抗血管生成治疗并且进展的晚期RCC患者,对比依维莫司可以显着改善PFS、OS和ORR。今年1月在《JCO》杂志上发表了METEOR一项亚组分析的结果,对基线合并骨转移的晚期RCC患者,卡博替尼可改善PFS、OS和ORR。基于以上报道,证实了卡博替尼能够为晚期RCC患者带来生存获益。而患者服用卡博替尼后生活质量(QoL)的变化情况虽然不是METEOR试验的主要评价指标,但也受到广大医务科研人员的密切关注。晚期RCC患者的QoL易受疾病相关症状(如疲劳、虚弱、骨痛、血尿、体重减轻、气短)和治疗相关不良反应的影响。本研究即将QoL的结果作为一个探索性指标呈现给广大读者。

患者和方法

将来自26个国家的658例接受过至少1次VEGFR-TKI治疗的晚期成人RCC患者1:1分层随机分配到卡博替尼组或依维莫司组。分层因素包括曾经接受VEGFR-TKI治疗的次数及效果。卡博替尼口服60mg每天一次,依维莫司口服10mg每天一次。

QoL的评估采用两个经多项研究验证过的量表,即癌症治疗的功能评估 - 肾症状指数(FKSI-19,包含19个条目)和欧洲五维健康问卷(EQ-5D-5L)。在整个METEOR研究期间,患者在首次给药前、前25周每4周时、之后1年内每8周时、之后每12周时都要完成上述生活质量评价问卷。简化版的FKSI-19,即FKSI-DRS,晚期RCC症状相关问题问卷,包括9个条目,在美国患者中也进行了测试。统计分析采用重复测量模型对不同时间点的QoL评分进行比较(效应值>=0.3认为具有临床意义)。研究终点指标为恶化时间(TTD),终点事件包括死亡、影像学的疾病进展、或FKSI-DRS量表相对于基线降低4分以上。

结 果

由于不良事件而导致的减少药物服用量,在卡博替尼组发生率为59.8%,而依维莫司组为24.2%。但两组患者由于不良事件引起的脱落率较为接近,均为10%左右。两组48周的生活质量问卷完成率均保持在75%以上。

FKSI-19、FKSI-DRS问卷得分情况

QoL数据收集的中位时间在卡博替尼和依维莫司组分别为17周和13周。两组的FKSI-19,FKSI-DRS或EQ-5D调查问卷结果显示,得分随时间的变化在两组间没有统计学差异(图1,图2)。


图1 两组FKSI-19问卷得分随时间的变化趋势


图2 两组FKSI-DRS问卷得分随时间的变化趋势

在FKSI-19问卷分析中显示,卡博替尼与更严重的腹泻和恶心有关(效应值>0.3);依维莫司与更严重的气促有关(效应值>0.3)。以上结果与药物不良事件的发生是一致的。

两组患者恶化时间(TTD)的比较

相比依维莫司,卡博替尼可显着改善患者的TTD(P<0.0001, 表1),并且对基线合并骨转移的患者仍可以显着改善TTD(P=0.0003, 表1)。

表1 两组药物TTD的比较


两组患者OS的比较

以基线FKSI-DRS得分的中位数作为切点,将两组病例分别划分为大于中位得分和小于中位得分两个亚组,结果显示无论是哪个亚组的人群,卡博替尼OS的治疗获益均高于依维莫司(图3)。


图3 不同基线FKSI-DRS得分的患者的生存曲线

结 论

在晚期肾细胞癌患者中,使用卡博替尼或依维莫司治疗后,患者的生活治疗评分较为接近;但与依维莫司比较,卡博替尼可延长患者的TTD,尤其对于骨转移患者而言TTD延长更为显着。

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    2018-06-04 minlingfeng
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    2018-02-09 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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