Med:生酮饮食可增强癌症治疗效果,延长生存期

2022-02-14 医诺维 医诺维

生酮饮食(ketogenic-diet,KD)是一种脂肪高比例、碳水化合物低比例,蛋白质和其他营养素合适的配方饮食。当人们进行生酮饮食时,身体会代谢产生更多的酮体(包括乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸和丙酮)。

生酮饮食(ketogenic-diet,KD)是一种脂肪高比例、碳水化合物低比例,蛋白质和其他营养素合适的配方饮食。当人们进行生酮饮食时,身体会代谢产生更多的酮体(包括乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸和丙酮),以用作能量来源。此时,由于摄入的碳水化合物低,血糖来源少,身体被迫进入“模拟饥饿”的状态,身体的脂肪会被大量分解,给身体供能,最终让身体进入一个高速燃脂的状态,以达到减肥效果。

胰腺癌(Pancreatic Cancer),是一种恶性程度很高,诊断和治疗都很困难的消化道恶性肿瘤。近年来,胰腺癌发病率和死亡率明显上升,胰腺癌早期的确诊率不高,发现时往往已是晚期,此时癌细胞已经扩散,难以治疗,5年生存率不足7%,是预后最差的恶性肿瘤,因此也被称为“癌中之王”。据WHO最新数据,胰腺癌是2020年中国发病人数第7的癌症(2020年预计新增12万),死亡人数第6的癌症(2020年预计死亡12万)。

近日,美国普林斯顿大学 Joshua Rabinowitz 团队(中科院上海营养与健康研究所杨立峰为第一作者)在 Cell 旗下期刊 Med 上发表了题为:Ketogenic diet and chemotherapy combine to disrupt pancreatic cancer metabolism and growth 的研究论文。

该研究发现,生酮饮食与化疗相结合,可破坏胰腺癌细胞的代谢和生长,使肿瘤对化疗的敏感性增加,胰腺癌小鼠模型生存期增加三倍。

早期的大量研究表明,禁食可以增强对多种癌症的治疗。而生酮饮食是通过降低循环葡萄糖和降低胰岛素水平来模拟禁食,胰岛素是一种驱动组织和肿瘤消耗糖分的激素。对于胰腺癌,胰岛素是癌症生长的重要促进激素,而葡萄糖是癌细胞增殖的关键能量来源。

在该研究中,研究人员创建了胰腺导管腺癌(胰腺癌的主要类型)小鼠模型,并给小鼠喂食正常的富含碳水化合物的饮食或生酮饮食,并接受标准的化疗。

研究人员发现,单独的生酮饮食不会影响肿瘤的生长。然而,当生酮饮食与化疗相结合时,小鼠模型的平均生存时间增加了三倍。值得注意的是,只有具有完整免疫系统的小鼠才是长期幸存者。

此外,研究人员还分析了联合疗法对肿瘤代谢的影响。研究发现,与健康组织相比,生酮饮食可以更深入地降低肿瘤中的葡萄糖水平,并且显着抑制胰岛素水平。

生酮饮食会迫使身体分解脂肪以产生酮体分子,这些分子可以被细胞燃烧以产生能量。其中最主要的是3-羟基丁酸酯,它就像一种增压燃料,将电子转储到细胞中,而肿瘤细胞特别擅长吸收这种燃料,幸运的是,过多的3-羟基丁酸酯可能对癌症有毒。

生酮饮食抑制肿瘤葡萄糖利用并诱导 3-羟基丁酸燃烧

这种过量的电子会导致活性氧(ROS)的产生,这是一种极其不稳定的分子,化疗也会产生。活性氧通过破坏细胞的DNA、细胞膜和其他成分杀死癌细胞。研究人员推测,这可能会增强化疗的抗肿瘤效果。

研究人员表示,这项研究发现令人兴奋,目前至少在小鼠身上看到了生酮饮食结合化疗的益处。接下来将进一步探索其在人类中的效果。

 

原始出处:

Lifeng Yang, et al. Ketogenic diet and chemotherapy combine to disrupt pancreatic cancer metabolism and growth. Med, VOLUME 3, ISSUE 2, P119-136.E8,

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    2022-02-15 李3碗

    学习

    0

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