Lancet:PCI术后停止双抗治疗后心血管事件风险与停用原因有关

2013-12-03 佚名 丁香园

研究要点: 1.经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后停用双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT)会增加不良事件风险。本次研究旨在分析PCI术后不同DAPT停用模式与心血管风险的相关性。 2.研究结果发现,PCI术后停止双联抗血小板治疗后心血管事件发生风险与停用具体原因有关。 3.随访两年中,74%的主要不良事件发生于患者维持DAPT治疗的期间。 经皮冠状动脉介入(

研究要点:

1.经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后停用双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT)会增加不良事件风险。本次研究旨在分析PCI术后不同DAPT停用模式与心血管风险的相关性。

2.研究结果发现,PCI术后停止双联抗血小板治疗后心血管事件发生风险与停用具体原因有关。

3.随访两年中,74%的主要不良事件发生于患者维持DAPT治疗的期间。

经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后停用双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT)会增加不良事件风险,但导致风险增加的原因究竟是时间还是停用DAPT的潜在原因,这个问题尚未得到解决。因此,研究人员开展PARIS研究,对PCI术后不同的DAPT停用模式与心血管风险之间的关系进行了评估,结果于2013年9月1日在线发表于Lancet.【原文下载】

PARIS(支架植入患者停用双联抗血小板治疗的模式研究)是一项前瞻性观察性研究,受试对象为2009年7月1日至2010年12月2日间在美国和欧洲15个临床中心接受PCI或支架植入的患者。研究人员在支架植入后1、6、12和24个月时对患者进行随访。预设的DAPT停用类别包括:医生建议停药(discontinuation),间断(brief interruption,因手术暂时停用),和中断(disruption,因出血或不依从治疗停用)三种。所有不良事件和DAPT停用事件由医生独立裁定。研究人员利用Cox模型和时间变化协变量分析了DAPT停用对主要不良事件(MACE,包括心脏性死亡、明确或可能的支架内血栓、心肌梗死或靶血管重塑)的影响。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线法计算首次事件发生时间与停用DAPT发生率和不良事件发生率之间的关系曲线。

结果显示,随访2年之间,总DAPT停用率为57.3%,其中停药(discontinuation)发生率为40.8%,间断(interruption)发生率为10.5%,中断(disruption)发生率为14.4%.2年中,对应MACE发生率为11.5%,其中大多数(74%)发生于维持DAPT治疗的过程中。与维持DAPT的患者相比,因间断治疗发生MACE的调整后风险比(HR)为1.41,因中断治疗的风险比为1.50.中断治疗后7天内、8-30天内和30天后,调整后HR分别为7.04、2.17和1.3.与继续DAPT的患者相反的是,停药的患者MACE风险较低(0.63)。在排除植入裸金属支架的患者并改用不包括靶血管再生的MACE定义后,结果与之前相似。

研究结论如下,对于接受PCI手术且停用DAPT的患者而言,停用后心血管事件发生率取决于患者临床情况和具体停用原因,且心血管事件发生率会随时间降低。由于PCI术后大部分不良事件发生于维持DAPT的过程中,因此,中断治疗引起的早期事件风险与支架类型无关。

研究背景:

治疗冠心病的手段众多,目前最广泛应用的心血管介入技术之一是经皮冠状动脉介入术。PCI术后的短期不良事件如大出血和心肌梗死以及长期风险的研究很多,其论文数量也汗牛充栋。然而,尽管目前普遍推荐在PCI术后对患者进行双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT),但停用DAPT的现时发生率以及停用DAPT与后续心脏风险之间的关系知之甚少。此外,停用DAPT对患者预后的影响究竟一致还是与停用具体原因有关(如出血事件或手术需要)也仍属未知。

造成这种不确定性的原因之一在于,目前仍没有统一标准来定义DAPT停用,导致不同研究间的比较变得复杂,这也限制这些研究的临床应用。当前,临床研究一般采用二元的全或无方法定义DAPT停用,通常会忽略患者停止抗血小板治疗的临床原因和具体背景。此外,早前对第一代药物洗脱支架(DES)植入后停用DAPT带来额外风险的研究发现可能已经不适用于如今,因为目前普遍采用的是更安全有效的第二代DES.总之,早期研究中长期随访发现的DAPT停用带来的心脏风险情况仍属未知。

为解决这些临床上非常重要的问题,研究人员设计了一项前瞻性观察性研究——PARIS研究(支架植入患者停用双联抗血小板治疗的模式研究),以分析PCI术后不同DAPT停用模式与心血管风险的相关性。

原文出处:

Mehran R, Baber U, Steg PG, Ariti C, Weisz G, Witzenbichler B, Henry TD, Kini AS, Stuckey T, Cohen DJ, Berger PB, Iakovou I, Dangas G, Waksman R, Antoniucci D, Sartori S, Krucoff MW, Hermiller JB, Shawl F, Gibson CM, Chieffo A, Alu M, Moliterno DJ, Colombo A, Pocock S.Cessation of dual antiplatelet treatment and cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PARIS): 2 year results from a prospective observational study.Lancet. 2013 Nov 23;382(9906):1714-22. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61720-1.【原文下载】

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    2014-07-27 zxl736
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