研究:母乳喂养可以给孩子提供终身的免疫保护

2019-06-11 汉鼎好医友 汉鼎好医友

都说“母乳是孩子最好的礼物”,但母乳喂养究竟好在哪?近日,伯明翰大学的一项新研究发现:母乳喂养可以给婴儿提供终身的免疫保护。以往人们普遍认为,婴儿从母乳中获得的免疫力只在母乳喂养期间发挥作用。一旦断奶后,这种保护就结束了,因为这种免疫保护作用是通过传递抗体等蛋白质实现的。但最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上一项研究发现,婴儿获得的免疫力由免疫细胞的转移驱动,并非抗体的传递。因此,这种免疫保护作用可以是长

都说“母乳是孩子最好的礼物”,但母乳喂养究竟好在哪?近日,伯明翰大学的一项新研究发现:母乳喂养可以给婴儿提供终身的免疫保护。

以往人们普遍认为,婴儿从母乳中获得的免疫力只在母乳喂养期间发挥作用。一旦断奶后,这种保护就结束了,因为这种免疫保护作用是通过传递抗体等蛋白质实现的。但最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上一项研究发现,婴儿获得的免疫力由免疫细胞的转移驱动,并非抗体的传递。因此,这种免疫保护作用可以是长期甚至是终身的。

动物实验发现,怀孕前如果母鼠感染过蠕虫,通过母乳喂养的幼鼠也获得了对蠕虫的免疫保护。母亲将免疫细胞而非抗体传递给婴儿,正是这些转移的细胞使从未接触过感染的婴儿获得了终身免受蠕虫感染的抵抗力。

这项研究表明,母亲在怀孕前接触到的感染,也能通过母乳为婴儿提供长期的保护。

“这种免疫转换对婴儿是一个非常重要的保护源,可以保护他们免受早期感染的伤害。这也是目前第一个证明母体可将免疫细胞终身转移到婴儿身上的研究。”研究者指出,“母亲在怀孕前接触感染而形成的免疫力,可以通过母乳喂养转移给后代。这从另一个维度帮助我们理解母亲的如何影响我们的健康。”

而通过这项研究,未来有望设计出新的疫苗,母亲接种疫苗后便可将长期免疫转移给她的孩子。

▲母乳喂养的困境

母乳是婴儿最理想、最安全的天然食物。母乳喂养不仅可以增强婴儿的免疫力,还可增进亲子感情。世卫组织建议,6个月内婴儿喂养方式应该是纯母乳喂养,然后以持续母乳喂养并适当添加辅食的方式喂养至2岁以上。

但许多母亲发现,母乳喂养比想象中更具挑战性。美国加州大学戴维斯医疗中心一项针对418名新妈妈的调查显示:91%的新妈妈产后有哺乳问题,44%有哺乳疼痛,40%存在乳汁不足。而中国最新的《母乳喂养影响因素调查报告》也显示:我国6个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养率仅为29.2%。

另外,一项针对2500多名妇女的大型研究发现,母乳喂养困难的妇女患产后抑郁症的风险升高,尤其是在哺乳两个月后。

另一项发表在《妇幼保健杂志》上的研究发现:那些原本计划母乳喂养,但最终因哺乳疼痛等原因无法完成母乳喂养的母亲,会因此产生愧疚感与自责感,产后抑郁症的发生率更高。

▲如何减少喂奶痛

从医学的角度,我们总是鼓励母乳喂养;但从妈妈的角度,母乳喂养却可能面临着巨大的压力和痛苦。

我们不仅要倡导母乳喂养,更要关注哺乳期妈妈们的身心健康。正饱受喂奶痛折磨的妈妈们,除了被迫放弃母乳喂养或咬牙忍痛坚持,还能怎么办?

妈妈们其实可以有第三选择--无菌护乳贴。简单一贴,可有效清除细菌并迅速缓解疼痛。当乳头有刺痒或轻微疼痛时使用,亦可有效防止乳头皲裂。

参考资料:

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2019-05-breastfeeding-moms-lifelong-infection-babies.html

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2019-05-breastfeeding-struggles-linked-postpartum-depression.html

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    2021-04-29 小斑鱼

    母乳永远是**最好的食物

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    2021-04-29 158*****576<手机用户>3207

    奶是哗哗的,但真的无耐,宝贝在重症,没办法喂奶

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    2019-06-13 villahu
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    2019-06-11 14600041m50暂无昵称

    0

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由此可见,在澳大利亚中年和老年女性中,母乳喂养与CVD住院风险和死亡率降低有关。母乳喂养可以提供长期的孕产妇心血管健康益处。