NAT BME:水凝胶微球灭活凝血因子在体外血液净化中的瞬时稀释作用

2021-01-30 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

血液净化可以使用体外方法进行,通过各种设备或技术将血液泵出,然后重新融合到体内血液回路中。这一手术已成为终末期肾病、肝衰竭和急性中毒的关键和挽救生命的治疗方法。抗凝在临床血液净化过程中起着基础性作用。

血液净化可以使用体外方法进行,通过各种设备或技术将血液泵出,然后重新融合到体内血液回路中。这一手术已成为终末期肾病、肝衰竭和急性中毒的关键和挽救生命的治疗方法。抗凝在临床血液净化过程中起着基础性作用。在血液净化过程中,为了保持过滤器和回路的通畅,通常需要进行充分的抗凝治疗而不存在过度出血风险。然而,确定抗凝药物的准确剂量因患者间的变异性而复杂,抗凝药物在这些患者中的清除率因疾病状态而异。在血液净化过程中,抗凝剂服用过量的患者可能会出现出血性并发症,如脑出血和严重的胃肠道出血,而抗凝剂服用不足的患者可能会出现凝血相关并发症,包括在血管中形成血栓,导致回路故障和治疗提前终止。

各种抗凝剂,如普通肝素、低分子肝素、直接凝血酶抑制剂(如阿加曲班和水蛭素)和类肝素(如磺达肝癸钠和达那帕林)被广泛用于实现全身抗凝和避免体外循环中的血栓形成,在血液净化中使用传统抗凝剂是一种低安全策略,血液净化后出血风险等关键问题仍未得到解决。目前抗凝策略的核心问题是水溶性抗凝剂在血液中回流到体内,延缓止血功能的恢复。因此,通过使用仅在体外循环中接触血液的材料进行局部血液稀释可能是一种高度安全的策略。在此,我们提出了一种暂时的血液稀释策略,即聚合物微球用于结合体外循环中的凝血因子,而不是使用传统的抗凝药物。当放入筒中时,这些聚合物微球表现出极好的稳定性并有效地结合凝血因子VIII、IX和XI;因此,在体外管和血液透析器中都防止了血液凝结。在体外循环中,血液被导入一个新的装置,然后是血液透析器或血液灌流器,以实现同时抗凝、清除内源性毒素和排出液体。出血性疾病血友病是由凝血因子(如VIII、IX或XI)缺乏引起的。将这种体外血液稀释策略命名为伪血友病模型。与血友病患者凝血因子的长期缺乏不同,假血友病模型中凝血因子的部分缺乏是暂时的和局部的。经过净化后,假血友病血液在重新注入患者体内后迅速恢复到正常状态。

为了防止人体意外暴露于水凝胶球中,水凝胶球的尺寸设计在微米范围内,并按照我们之前的工作21通过电喷雾制备。在水凝胶三维(3D)网络中加入磺酸基、羟基和羧基以提供血液稀释性能。如下图所示,为了增加水凝胶的尺寸稳定性,在水凝胶网络中引入疏水性聚合物骨架。选择稳定性好、机械强度高、成膜性好的广泛用于血液净化的聚醚砜为骨架,加入N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮增强骨架的亲水性,使其与血液充分接触。为了探索两种聚合物在水凝胶网络中的最佳比例,制备了具有不同水凝胶网络的各种微球,并通过能量色散光谱、元素分析和X射线光电子能谱对其进行了表征。进行了一系列凝血实验,以确定消耗因子水凝胶网络的最佳组成。选择在最低浓度下使凝血时间从5分钟延长到180分钟以上的微球进行进一步研究,称之为增强型抗凝血水凝胶微球(RAHMs)。

 

figure1

疏水性聚合物微球(HPMs)显示出比RAHMs高的白蛋白吸附水平,从而表明它们具有良好的血液相容性。通过测量血小板粘附水平和血小板因子4(PF4)的浓度,系统地研究了RAHMs对血小板活化的影响。在全血中孵育RAHM后,PF4的生成浓度与对照组无显着差异。使用溶血实验研究了RAHM的红细胞相容性。以上实验表明,微球对血细胞的影响可忽略不计,因此可以安全地用于治疗。选择人补体片段3a(C3a)和C5a作为代表性的过敏毒素,以评估RAHM对补体激活系统的影响。发现RAHMs不会诱导激肽释放酶-激肽系统的活化,并且在与血液接触时会抑制TAT的产生。此外,还研究了RAHM的抗菌粘附特性,很难观察到明显的细菌粘附在RAHM的表面上,表明RAHM的长期保存是可能的。

figure2

RAHMs被用来有效地吸附凝血因子。与肝素不同,肝素具有强烈而广泛的抗凝作用,RAHMs对内源性凝血因子,尤其是凝血因子VIII有明显的靶向抑制作用。因子VIII在凝血级联反应中起着重要作用,因为它可以通过与因子IXa、血小板磷脂和受损血小板的因子III协同作用,加速因子X的活化超过200000倍。当因子VIII供不应求时,那么激活因子X的步骤就不足,进而导致出血的风险。因子VIII在血友病A患者中缺乏,也被称为抗血友病因子。虽然血友病引起的出血发作可能是致命的,但这种情况得益于体外血液净化回路,因为抗凝和出血都是由凝血因子缺乏或异常引起的。因此,假血友病模型避免了血液在体外循环中凝结的风险,但凝血因子的缺乏在血液重新导入体内后得到恢复。此外,RAHM为微球,RAHM装置设计为灌注柱,因此不会暴露于身体,从而避免出血风险和体内回路中抗凝剂的肾代谢。在体外和比格犬体内,吸附凝血因子VIII、IX和XI的水凝胶微球在血液净化前放置在体外回路中,可提供短暂的血液稀释。微球抑制凝血因子活性的水平(~8–30%)与轻度血友病相似。在将其重新引入动物体内时,纯化的假血友病血有利于止血更快的恢复。

figure3

选择在治疗后不主动补充凝血因子,而是依靠患者自身重建凝血因子,原因如下。(1) 从患者自身的储存池中重建凝血因子可以避免使用凝血因子浓缩液的费用和潜在危险。(2) 凝血因子VIII由于半衰期短,预计在体内每1-2天更新一次。考虑到血液净化的频率约为3-4天,即使所有因子VIII被RAHMs灭活,治疗方式仍然是安全的,因为在体内回路中没有抗凝剂,假血友病血可以自动接受凝血因子。然而,需要进行长期研究来确认这种方法的安全性;例如,在这个装置中进行几个月的多次血液透析。(3) 重要的是,凝血因子的活性仅减少到大约8–30%,这是轻度血友病的水平。轻度血友病是血友病的主要形式之一,其定义为凝血因子活性水平在正常水平的5%到40%之间。轻度血友病通常与自发性出血无关,几乎所有的事件都是由意外或手术引起的40。在这种血友病病例中,尽管凝血因子水平较低,但通常不需要补充凝血因子治疗。在研究中,实验结束后120分钟内,凝血因子水平迅速恢复到正常水平的80–90%。因此,在我们的策略中达到的低凝血因子水平对患者来说是暂时的和安全的,即使对那些凝血因子重建能力有限的患者也是如此。(4) 这种策略中的抑制凝血因子是因子VIII、IX、XI和XII,它们都是在肝脏中产生的。这些凝血因子具有不同的半衰期,它们主要以非活性形式在血液中循环;因此,只要凝血级联系统未被激活,由于各种因子重组中的不同动力学而导致的任何状态紊乱就不会出现。因此,将血液稀释到体外循环的策略可以有效地降低出血风险。假血友病模型显示出比其他抗凝剂策略更高的安全性。

Song, X., Ji, H., Li, Y. et al. Transient blood thinning during extracorporeal blood purification via the inactivation of coagulation factors by hydrogel microspheresNat Biomed Eng(2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-020-00673-x

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    2021-04-04 liye789132251
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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884946, encodeId=1cf8188494670, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Apr 04 04:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1301030, encodeId=8cce130103016, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=997b31316c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝血因子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31316, encryptionId=997b31316c5, topicName=凝血因子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55f6293, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308082, encodeId=8e8813080825e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=47c5349, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461070, encodeId=d8db14610e026, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de4331310a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31310, encryptionId=de4331310a4, topicName=凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e09e6383467, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1553324, encodeId=e500155332479, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f97c89245f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血液净化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89245, encryptionId=f97c89245f5, topicName=血液净化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09ca14361739, createdName=lvygwyt2786, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921555, encodeId=b9fe92155545, content=涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 07:13:57 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921514, encodeId=69a792151484, content=血液净化可以使用体外方法进行,通过各种设备或技术将血液泵出,然后重新融合到体内血液回路中。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4gCIdSaEkahCNuUWZv4iaKmqvUKHyKnBiarBM9RStQKBeV5Lh6GYYFiamdV5KlSfbLvmAgZTLtq81XA/0, createdBy=13511650672, createdName=言西早, createdTime=Sat Jan 30 23:23:30 CST 2021, time=2021-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-02-01 tastas
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884946, encodeId=1cf8188494670, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Apr 04 04:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1301030, encodeId=8cce130103016, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=997b31316c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝血因子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31316, encryptionId=997b31316c5, topicName=凝血因子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55f6293, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308082, encodeId=8e8813080825e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=47c5349, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461070, encodeId=d8db14610e026, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de4331310a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31310, encryptionId=de4331310a4, topicName=凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e09e6383467, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1553324, encodeId=e500155332479, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f97c89245f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血液净化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89245, encryptionId=f97c89245f5, topicName=血液净化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09ca14361739, createdName=lvygwyt2786, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921555, encodeId=b9fe92155545, content=涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 07:13:57 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921514, encodeId=69a792151484, content=血液净化可以使用体外方法进行,通过各种设备或技术将血液泵出,然后重新融合到体内血液回路中。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4gCIdSaEkahCNuUWZv4iaKmqvUKHyKnBiarBM9RStQKBeV5Lh6GYYFiamdV5KlSfbLvmAgZTLtq81XA/0, createdBy=13511650672, createdName=言西早, createdTime=Sat Jan 30 23:23:30 CST 2021, time=2021-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-02-01 lishizhe
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884946, encodeId=1cf8188494670, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Apr 04 04:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1301030, encodeId=8cce130103016, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=997b31316c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝血因子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31316, encryptionId=997b31316c5, topicName=凝血因子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55f6293, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308082, encodeId=8e8813080825e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=47c5349, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461070, encodeId=d8db14610e026, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de4331310a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31310, encryptionId=de4331310a4, topicName=凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e09e6383467, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1553324, encodeId=e500155332479, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f97c89245f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血液净化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89245, encryptionId=f97c89245f5, topicName=血液净化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09ca14361739, createdName=lvygwyt2786, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921555, encodeId=b9fe92155545, content=涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 07:13:57 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921514, encodeId=69a792151484, content=血液净化可以使用体外方法进行,通过各种设备或技术将血液泵出,然后重新融合到体内血液回路中。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4gCIdSaEkahCNuUWZv4iaKmqvUKHyKnBiarBM9RStQKBeV5Lh6GYYFiamdV5KlSfbLvmAgZTLtq81XA/0, createdBy=13511650672, createdName=言西早, createdTime=Sat Jan 30 23:23:30 CST 2021, time=2021-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884946, encodeId=1cf8188494670, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Apr 04 04:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1301030, encodeId=8cce130103016, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=997b31316c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝血因子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31316, encryptionId=997b31316c5, topicName=凝血因子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55f6293, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308082, encodeId=8e8813080825e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=47c5349, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461070, encodeId=d8db14610e026, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de4331310a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31310, encryptionId=de4331310a4, topicName=凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e09e6383467, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1553324, encodeId=e500155332479, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f97c89245f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血液净化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89245, encryptionId=f97c89245f5, topicName=血液净化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09ca14361739, createdName=lvygwyt2786, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921555, encodeId=b9fe92155545, content=涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 07:13:57 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921514, encodeId=69a792151484, content=血液净化可以使用体外方法进行,通过各种设备或技术将血液泵出,然后重新融合到体内血液回路中。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4gCIdSaEkahCNuUWZv4iaKmqvUKHyKnBiarBM9RStQKBeV5Lh6GYYFiamdV5KlSfbLvmAgZTLtq81XA/0, createdBy=13511650672, createdName=言西早, createdTime=Sat Jan 30 23:23:30 CST 2021, time=2021-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-01-31 carrotlyl

    涨知识

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884946, encodeId=1cf8188494670, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Apr 04 04:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1301030, encodeId=8cce130103016, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=997b31316c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝血因子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31316, encryptionId=997b31316c5, topicName=凝血因子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55f6293, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308082, encodeId=8e8813080825e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd364149bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64149, encryptionId=edd364149bc, topicName=水凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=47c5349, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461070, encodeId=d8db14610e026, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de4331310a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#凝胶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31310, encryptionId=de4331310a4, topicName=凝胶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e09e6383467, createdName=lishizhe, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1553324, encodeId=e500155332479, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f97c89245f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血液净化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89245, encryptionId=f97c89245f5, topicName=血液净化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09ca14361739, createdName=lvygwyt2786, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 13:37:58 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921555, encodeId=b9fe92155545, content=涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 07:13:57 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921514, encodeId=69a792151484, content=血液净化可以使用体外方法进行,通过各种设备或技术将血液泵出,然后重新融合到体内血液回路中。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4gCIdSaEkahCNuUWZv4iaKmqvUKHyKnBiarBM9RStQKBeV5Lh6GYYFiamdV5KlSfbLvmAgZTLtq81XA/0, createdBy=13511650672, createdName=言西早, createdTime=Sat Jan 30 23:23:30 CST 2021, time=2021-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-01-30 言西早

    血液净化可以使用体外方法进行,通过各种设备或技术将血液泵出,然后重新融合到体内血液回路中。

    0

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