Nature:细菌可能有助于抗癌免疫反应

2021-03-23 Sunny MedSci原创

一项新的研究结果可能解释了微生物组与免疫疗法的联系。

来源:the-scientist

已知多种细菌可在人体肿瘤内定植、增殖并调节免疫功能,最终影响癌症患者的生存和对治疗的反应。然而,目前尚不清楚来自细胞内细菌的抗原是否由肿瘤细胞的人类白细胞抗原I类和II类(分别为HLA-I和HLA-II)分子提出,或者此类抗原是否能引起肿瘤浸润性T细胞免疫反应。

也许,癌症免疫疗法可能会从一个意想不到的方向得到推动:驻扎在肿瘤细胞内的细菌。近期,在《自然》杂志上发表的一项新研究中,魏茨曼科学研究所的研究人员及其合作者发现,免疫系统可以“看到”这些细菌,并表明可以利用它们引发针对肿瘤的免疫反应。该研究还可能有助于澄清免疫疗法与肠道微生物组之间的联系,解释了之前研究的结果,即微生物组影响免疫疗法的成功。

过去十几年的免疫疗法极大地提高了某些癌症的康复率,尤其是恶性黑色素瘤;但在黑色素瘤中,免疫疗法仍然只对40%左右的病例有效。魏茨曼分子细胞生物学系的Yardena Samuels教授研究了分子 “标志物”——细胞表面的蛋白片段或多肽——将癌细胞标记为异物,因此可能成为免疫疗法的潜在新增靶点。在新的研究中,她和同事们将寻找新的癌症标志物的范围扩大到那些已知的肿瘤定植细菌。

Samuels和她的团队在Shelly Kalaora博士和Adi Nagler(联合第一作者之一)的带领下,利用部门同事Ravid Straussman博士开发的方法,分析了来自9名患者的17个转移性黑色素瘤肿瘤的组织样本。他们获得了这些肿瘤的细菌基因组图谱,然后使用16S rRNA基因测序和HLA肽组学鉴定了一个来自细胞内细菌的肽序列,该肽呈现在黑色素瘤肿瘤的HLA-I和HLA-II分子上。

该研究是与德克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心的Jennifer A. Wargo博士、加州拉霍亚Sanford Burnham Prebys医学发现研究所的Scott N. Peterson教授、美国国家癌症研究所的Eytan Ruppin教授、Technion - 以色列理工学院的Arie Admon教授等科学家合作进行的。

对17个黑色素瘤转移瘤(来自9个患者)的分析显示,分别有248个和35个独特的HLA-I和HLA-II肽,这些肽来自41种细菌。在不同患者的肿瘤以及同一患者的不同肿瘤中发现了反复出现的细菌肽。

黑色素瘤中肿瘤内细菌的鉴定。

HLA肽组学分析发现黑色素瘤细胞表面有近300种来自41种不同细菌的肽。关键的新发现是,这些肽是由HLA蛋白复合物显示在癌细胞表面的--这些复合物存在于我们身体所有细胞的膜上,并在调节免疫反应方面发挥作用。HLA的工作之一就是通过将外来肽 "呈现 "给免疫系统,让免疫T细胞能够“看到”它们,从而对任何外来事物发出警报。"利用HLA肽组学,我们能够以一种无偏见的方式揭示肿瘤的HLA呈现肽,"Kalaora说。"这种方法在过去已经使我们能够识别肿瘤抗原,并在临床试验中显示出有希望的结果。"

该研究揭示了来源于细胞内细菌的肽可以被肿瘤细胞呈现,并引起免疫反应性,从而深入了解了细菌影响免疫系统激活和治疗反应的机制。

黑色素瘤细胞细菌进入和呈递的证据。

目前还不清楚为什么癌细胞要进行这种看似自杀的行为:将细菌肽呈现给免疫系统,免疫系统可以通过破坏这些细胞来做出反应。但不管是什么原因,恶性细胞确实以这样的方式展示这些肽,这一事实揭示了免疫系统和肿瘤之间的一种全新的互动。

这一启示为肠道微生物组如何影响免疫疗法提供了一个潜在的解释。该团队发现的一些细菌是已知的肠道微生物。细菌肽在肿瘤细胞表面的呈现很可能在免疫反应中发挥作用,未来的研究可能会确定哪些细菌肽能增强这种免疫反应,使医生能够预测免疫治疗的成功率,并据此定制个性化的治疗方案。

此外,肿瘤细胞上的细菌肽对于免疫系统来说是可见的,这一事实可以被利用来增强免疫治疗。"这些肽中有许多是同一患者的不同转移瘤或不同患者的肿瘤所共有的,这说明它们具有治疗潜力,具有产生免疫激活的强大能力。"Nagler说。

在一系列持续的实验中,Samuels及其同事将来自黑色素瘤患者的T细胞与来自同一患者肿瘤细胞的细菌肽一起在实验室的培养皿中进行培养。结果是 T细胞被特异性地激活,朝向细菌肽。

"我们的研究结果表明,呈现在肿瘤细胞上的细菌肽可以作为免疫疗法的潜在目标,"Samuels说。"它们可能被利用来帮助免疫T细胞更精确地识别肿瘤,从而使这些细胞能够对癌症进行更好的攻击。这种方法未来可以与现有的免疫治疗药物结合使用。"

原文链接:

Kalaora, S., Nagler, A., Nejman, D. et al. Identification of bacteria-derived HLA-bound peptides in melanoma. Nature (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03368-8

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    2021-10-20 liye789132251
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    2021-03-25 科研科研科研

    细菌有助于抗癌免疫反应

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885054, encodeId=3ace18850548b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Oct 20 00:05:07 CST 2021, time=2021-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=953778, encodeId=d677953e78bd, content=不错 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c151583732, createdName=446993560, createdTime=Sun Apr 04 16:53:20 CST 2021, time=2021-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=951012, encodeId=1ccc95101285, content=细菌有助于抗癌免疫反应, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210110/e6124a4b19bc40ce8afaae096d21126b/dd778ac260c9416eb87e7d08139507f5.jpg, createdBy=4d2f5079605, createdName=科研科研科研, createdTime=Thu Mar 25 12:58:28 CST 2021, time=2021-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1280238, encodeId=f57012802388e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2bbe289846f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28984, encryptionId=2bbe289846f, topicName=免疫反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, createdName=cnxcy, createdTime=Thu Mar 25 06:05:07 CST 2021, time=2021-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950637, encodeId=fa2b95063e06, content=学习了!点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201117/a59b28b63198490ea85b1e5b3d13c2bf/1b1e0d03ca22467d8120443ebbc24c04.jpg, createdBy=35d22207591, createdName=zhangxiang, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 09:33:12 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950549, encodeId=c73c9505496a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d0ee2249b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益生菌#</a>问题在于是什么细菌?还是常规细菌就能增强<a href='/topic/show?id=a07f82814ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫治疗#</a>的作用?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72249, encryptionId=5d0ee2249b0, topicName=益生菌), TopicDto(id=82814, encryptionId=a07f82814ec, topicName=肿瘤免疫治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Tue Mar 23 23:16:10 CST 2021, time=2021-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950401, encodeId=83e895040128, content=点个赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200628/1100acdca53f4020b37a995c62cadf50/cfb5e0230e744dea9c07b62184d634de.jpg, createdBy=916e1609090, createdName=医路晋升, createdTime=Tue Mar 23 16:22:55 CST 2021, time=2021-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-24 zhangxiang

    学习了!点赞

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885054, encodeId=3ace18850548b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Oct 20 00:05:07 CST 2021, time=2021-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=953778, encodeId=d677953e78bd, content=不错 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c151583732, createdName=446993560, createdTime=Sun Apr 04 16:53:20 CST 2021, time=2021-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=951012, encodeId=1ccc95101285, content=细菌有助于抗癌免疫反应, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210110/e6124a4b19bc40ce8afaae096d21126b/dd778ac260c9416eb87e7d08139507f5.jpg, createdBy=4d2f5079605, createdName=科研科研科研, createdTime=Thu Mar 25 12:58:28 CST 2021, time=2021-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1280238, encodeId=f57012802388e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2bbe289846f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28984, encryptionId=2bbe289846f, topicName=免疫反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, createdName=cnxcy, createdTime=Thu Mar 25 06:05:07 CST 2021, time=2021-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950637, encodeId=fa2b95063e06, content=学习了!点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201117/a59b28b63198490ea85b1e5b3d13c2bf/1b1e0d03ca22467d8120443ebbc24c04.jpg, createdBy=35d22207591, createdName=zhangxiang, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 09:33:12 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950549, encodeId=c73c9505496a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d0ee2249b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益生菌#</a>问题在于是什么细菌?还是常规细菌就能增强<a href='/topic/show?id=a07f82814ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫治疗#</a>的作用?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72249, encryptionId=5d0ee2249b0, topicName=益生菌), TopicDto(id=82814, encryptionId=a07f82814ec, topicName=肿瘤免疫治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Tue Mar 23 23:16:10 CST 2021, time=2021-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950401, encodeId=83e895040128, content=点个赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200628/1100acdca53f4020b37a995c62cadf50/cfb5e0230e744dea9c07b62184d634de.jpg, createdBy=916e1609090, createdName=医路晋升, createdTime=Tue Mar 23 16:22:55 CST 2021, time=2021-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-23 病毒猎手

    #益生菌#问题在于是什么细菌?还是常规细菌就能增强#肿瘤免疫治疗#的作用?

    0

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    2021-03-23 医路晋升

    点个赞

    0