J Exp Biol:幼年饮食习惯能影响人的一生

2021-02-05 Oranhgy MedSci原创

一项新的小鼠研究表明,幼年摄入太多的脂肪和糖,会改变一生的微生物组。

让孩子吃健康的食物有时会让人感觉像在打一场艰苦的战斗,营养在每个年龄段都很重要。儿童需要适当的营养物质使其健康强壮地成长,可以帮助孩子建立健康的饮食习惯和营养知识的基础,让孩子可以终生应用。

最近,加州大学河滨分校UCR研究人员的首次对童年饮食对生活影响进行研究,该研究结果发表在《实验生物学杂志》上。该研究显示成熟小鼠在幼年时被喂食不健康饮食的肠道细菌总数和多样性显著减少。

UCR进化生理学家Theodore Garland解释说,研究的是小鼠,但观察到的效果相当于孩子们吃西式饮食,高脂肪和高糖,直到青春期后六年,他们的肠道微生物组仍然受到影响。

微生物组指的是生活在人类或动物身上和体内的所有细菌以及真菌、寄生虫和病毒。这些微生物大多存在于肠道中,大多数都是对人体有益,能刺激免疫系统、分解食物和帮助合成关键的维生素。一般健康人群人体内病原体和有益的生物体之间是平衡的。然而,如果平衡被打破,无论是通过使用抗生素、疾病,还是不健康的饮食,都可能变得容易生病。

在这项研究中,Garland的团队将小鼠分为四组后,寻找对微生物组的影响:一组喂食标准的 "健康 "饮食,一组喂食相对不那么健康的 "西方 "饮食,一组可以使用跑轮进行锻炼,另一组则没有。

在这些饮食上度过三周后,所有的小鼠都回到了标准饮食和没有运动的状态,这通常是实验室里的小鼠饲养方式。在14周的时候,研究小组检查了动物体内细菌的多样性和丰度。

分析发现,在西方饮食组中,肠道细菌等细菌的数量明显减少。这类细菌参与碳水化合物的代谢。此外还显示,肠道细菌对小鼠的运动量很敏感。在喂食标准饮食的小鼠中,如果小鼠跑轮,其体内的Muribaculum细菌就会增加,而在高脂饮食的小鼠中,无论是否有运动,其体内的细菌都会减少。

研究人员认为,这种细菌以及它所属的细菌家族,可能会影响宿主的能量。对这种细菌可能具有的其他功能的研究仍在继续。

还有一个值得注意的效果是,在其他研究人员的一项研究中,经过五周的跑步机训练后,一种高度相似的细菌种类丰度增加,这说明单单是运动就可能提高其数量。

总的来说,UCR的研究人员发现,童年的西式饮食比运动对微生物组的影响更持久。

目前,Garland的团队希望重复这一实验,并在更多的时间点采集样本,以更好地了解小鼠微生物组的变化何时首次出现,以及它们是否会延伸到生命的更晚阶段。

原文出处:

Early-life effects of juvenile Western diet and exercise on adult gut microbiome composition in mice. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2021; jeb.239699 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.239699

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    2021-08-30 sunylz
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    2021-02-06

    学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1767827, encodeId=03b01e6782731, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64f5343e2f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3437, encryptionId=64f5343e2f, topicName=Biol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=446937890434, createdName=12498ebem31暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jun 13 09:13:55 CST 2021, time=2021-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927083, encodeId=2607192e0831a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=629c1012246f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#饮食习惯#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101224, encryptionId=629c1012246f, topicName=饮食习惯)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1a19115, createdName=stfoxst, createdTime=Thu Nov 11 20:13:55 CST 2021, time=2021-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1919208, encodeId=668919192086e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Mon Aug 30 03:13:55 CST 2021, time=2021-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=923207, encodeId=8b0f92320eda, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3fcd2193789, createdName=然, createdTime=Sat Feb 06 09:43:14 CST 2021, time=2021-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=923024, encodeId=f4ae92302462, content=掰掰🍟🍔🌭, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200803/bf55cfcb09b74a0cbf751a980fe04576/e4480eaa47ab42da91303dd1c72e723e.jpg, createdBy=89fd5188713, createdName=莉莉安 Lillian C., createdTime=Fri Feb 05 14:41:04 CST 2021, time=2021-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=923019, encodeId=01939230197f, content=在西方饮食组中,肠道细菌等细菌的数量明显减少。这类细菌参与碳水化合物的代谢。此外还显示,肠道细菌对小鼠的运动量很敏感。在喂食标准饮食的小鼠中,如果小鼠跑轮,其体内的Muribaculum细菌就会增加,而在高脂饮食的小鼠中,无论是否有运动,其体内的细菌都会减少。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/02/7354b3539aae6a0ccb1e0fff04c12084.jpg, createdBy=205b1984786, createdName=随梦飞扬, createdTime=Fri Feb 05 14:08:11 CST 2021, time=2021-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-02-05 莉莉安 Lillian C.

    掰掰🍟🍔🌭

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1767827, encodeId=03b01e6782731, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64f5343e2f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3437, encryptionId=64f5343e2f, topicName=Biol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=446937890434, createdName=12498ebem31暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jun 13 09:13:55 CST 2021, time=2021-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927083, encodeId=2607192e0831a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=629c1012246f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#饮食习惯#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101224, encryptionId=629c1012246f, topicName=饮食习惯)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1a19115, createdName=stfoxst, createdTime=Thu Nov 11 20:13:55 CST 2021, time=2021-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1919208, encodeId=668919192086e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Mon Aug 30 03:13:55 CST 2021, time=2021-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=923207, encodeId=8b0f92320eda, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3fcd2193789, createdName=然, createdTime=Sat Feb 06 09:43:14 CST 2021, time=2021-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=923024, encodeId=f4ae92302462, content=掰掰🍟🍔🌭, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200803/bf55cfcb09b74a0cbf751a980fe04576/e4480eaa47ab42da91303dd1c72e723e.jpg, createdBy=89fd5188713, createdName=莉莉安 Lillian C., createdTime=Fri Feb 05 14:41:04 CST 2021, time=2021-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=923019, encodeId=01939230197f, content=在西方饮食组中,肠道细菌等细菌的数量明显减少。这类细菌参与碳水化合物的代谢。此外还显示,肠道细菌对小鼠的运动量很敏感。在喂食标准饮食的小鼠中,如果小鼠跑轮,其体内的Muribaculum细菌就会增加,而在高脂饮食的小鼠中,无论是否有运动,其体内的细菌都会减少。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/02/7354b3539aae6a0ccb1e0fff04c12084.jpg, createdBy=205b1984786, createdName=随梦飞扬, createdTime=Fri Feb 05 14:08:11 CST 2021, time=2021-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-02-05 随梦飞扬

    在西方饮食组中,肠道细菌等细菌的数量明显减少。这类细菌参与碳水化合物的代谢。此外还显示,肠道细菌对小鼠的运动量很敏感。在喂食标准饮食的小鼠中,如果小鼠跑轮,其体内的Muribaculum细菌就会增加,而在高脂饮食的小鼠中,无论是否有运动,其体内的细菌都会减少。

    0