Br J Cancer:肿瘤邻近组织、血浆和唾液中相关基因突变研究揭示头颈部鳞状细胞癌复发的进化过程

2021-07-09 xiaozeng MedSci原创

头颈癌是全球最普遍且最致命的恶性肿瘤之一,头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)约占所有头颈部癌症的90%以上。

头颈癌是全球最普遍且最致命的恶性肿瘤之一,头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)约占所有头颈部癌症的90%以上。既往研究显示,人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染与口咽癌之间存在因果关系。在美国和几个西方国家,约60-80%的口咽癌病例与HPV的感染有关。

然而,在中国人群中,HPV-16感染率仅占所有HNSCC病例的7.0%。吸烟和持续饮酒是HPV-16阴性(HPV-)HNSCC患者的最高风险因素,相比于HPV-16阳性(HPV+)HNSCC患者相比,其生存率更差。目前HNSCC复发相关的潜在机制仍不清楚。

研究人员通过二代测序鉴定了188个匹配样本中的体细胞突变,这些样本包括来自27名患者的原发性肿瘤、肿瘤邻近组织(TAT)、术前和术后的血浆、唾液和外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)样本,并分析了TAT与肿瘤之间的进化关系,以及监测了液体活检中肿瘤和TAT特异性突变的动态变化与生存分析。

HNSCC患者的体细胞突变信息

结果显示,研究人员分别在27个肿瘤组织样本和26个TAT样本中检测到了27个和19个突变。TP53是TAT中最普遍的突变基因。一些TAT与原发性肿瘤具有相同的突变,而其他一些TAT则在进化上与肿瘤无关。

HNSCC患者术后的疾病复发监测

值得注意的是,TAT中的TP53突变与患者的癌前转化密切相关,且对应着较差的生存期(风险比=14.01)。进一步的研究发现,在术前和/或术后液体活检中也检测到了TAT的特异性突变,预示着疾病的复发。


总而言之,该研究结果揭示,TATs可能经历了癌前转化、肿瘤发生和最终复发的过程,其可能通过从肿瘤起源的祖先克隆中继承了相关致瘤突变或获得了独立于原发性肿瘤的其他突变。该研究也表明,在术后活检中检测肿瘤和/或TAT特异性基因突变对于患者的预后研究具有潜在的价值。


原始出处:

Wu, P., Xie, C., Yang, L. et al. The genomic architectures of tumour-adjacent tissues, plasma and saliva reveal evolutionary underpinnings of relapse in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer (06 July 2021).

 

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    2021-07-10 wshxjq
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