J Gen Intern Med:医生首次处方阿片类药物 一定要尽量避免3种玩火行为

2018-12-27 贾朝娟 环球医学

阿片类药物亦正亦邪,正确使用可以缓解疼痛,但一旦成瘾反而让人丧失理智人不人鬼不鬼,甚至丢失性命。因此,如何正确使用阿片类药物,至关重要。2018年9月,发表在《J Gen Intern Med》的一项研究调查了,首次处方阿片类药物的特征与首次处方后18个月内高风险阿片类药物使用的相关性。

阿片类药物亦正亦邪,正确使用可以缓解疼痛,但一旦成瘾反而让人丧失理智人不人鬼不鬼,甚至丢失性命。因此,如何正确使用阿片类药物,至关重要。2018年9月,发表在《J Gen Intern Med》的一项研究调查了,首次处方阿片类药物的特征与首次处方后18个月内高风险阿片类药物使用的相关性。

背景:国家指南对首次处方阿片类药物给出了建议,但是多数支持性证据来自于初次治疗,而不是首次处方。

目的:旨在调查首次处方阿片类药物的特征与首次处方后18个月内高风险阿片类药物使用的相关性。

设计:该项回顾性队列研究使用大型商业保险索赔数据库2011~2014年的数据,鉴别出近期未使用阿片类药物的个体,并随访至其首次处方阿片类药物后18个月。

参与者:18~64岁的商业保险患者和65岁或以上的联邦医疗保险优势计划患者,这些参与者于2011年7月1日~2013年6月30日期间首次被处方阿片类药物。

主要结局和测量指标:通过以下方法检测高风险阿片类药物使用:(1)阿片类药物处方重复7天或以上;(2)阿片类药物和苯二氮卓类药物处方重叠7天或以上;(3)具有有3个或以上医师为其处方阿片类药物;(4)首个处方后六个季度每季度平均日剂量超过120毫克吗啡当量(MME)。

主要结果:首次处方的3个特征都与首次处方后18个月内阿片类药物高风险使用强烈相关。例如,在商业保险患者中,与对于长期每日接受剂量为120吗啡当量或以上的平均概率4.2%相比,首次处方长效(vs短效)阿片类药物处方与风险增加16.9%相关(95% CI,14.3~19.5),每日吗啡当量为50或以上(vs低于30)与风险增加12.5%相关(12.1~12.9),使用超过7天(vs 3天或以下)与风险增加4.8%相关(4.5~5.2)。联邦医疗保险优势计划患者的结果相似。

结论:首次处方阿片类的以下三个特征与长期高风险使用阿片类药物相关:长效剂型、每日高剂量、长时间使用。

原始出处:

Zhang Y, Johnson P, Jeng PJ, et al. First Opioid Prescription and Subsequent High-Risk Opioid Use: a National Study of Privately Insured and Medicare Advantage Adults. J Gen Intern Med. 2018 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s11606-018-4628-y.

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    2018-12-29 lhlxtx
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    2018-12-27 王秀

    学习了,涨知识了!

    0

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阿片类镇痛药物芬太尼(Fentanyl),这两天突然红了。因为它被列入了中美两国元首会晤的议题。12月2日,中美两国元首会晤后,国务委员兼外交部长王毅在介绍会晤情况时提到:双方同意采取积极行动加强执法、禁毒合作,包括对芬太尼类物质的管控。中方迄今采取的措施得到了包括美国在内国际社会的充分肯定。中方决定对芬太尼类物质进行整类列管,并启动有关法规的调整程序。人民日报海外版旗下微信公众号侠客岛报道称