CHEST:生物可降解支架治疗恶性气道狭窄潜力较大

2013-03-26 sd3212 丁香园

自扩张金属支架(SEMS)对恶性气道狭窄的姑息治疗有一定效果。然而,由于缺乏有效的局部治疗,肿瘤经常会发生面向支架的内向性生长。此外,SEMS的断裂、移位、以及取出困难等问题也经常存在。为了开发一种新的生物可吸收顺铂洗脱支架来规避SEMS所存在的上述问题,来自我国台湾地区桃园市长庚大学医学院长庚纪念医院胸心血管外科的Yin-Kai Chao及其同事进行了一项研究,研究结果在线发表于2013年1月2

自扩张金属支架(SEMS)对恶性气道狭窄的姑息治疗有一定效果。然而,由于缺乏有效的局部治疗,肿瘤经常会发生面向支架的内向性生长。此外,SEMS的断裂、移位、以及取出困难等问题也经常存在。为了开发一种新的生物可吸收顺铂洗脱支架来规避SEMS所存在的上述问题,来自我国台湾地区桃园市长庚大学医学院长庚纪念医院胸心血管外科的Yin-Kai Chao及其同事进行了一项研究,研究结果在线发表于2013年1月24日的《CHEST》杂志上。研究显示:研究所使用的生物可降解支架具有与SEMS相似的物理特性,并可以提供长达5周以上的、持续的顺铂释放,因而,在恶性气道狭窄的治疗方面显示出了较大的潜力。
研究者采用实验室用微注射成型机制备了一种生物可降解聚己内酯支架。在比较了该支架与UltraFlex金属支架在体外的机械强度后,研究者将聚乳酸聚乙二醇共聚物和顺铂涂在了自制支架的表面,并使用洗脱法和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析评估了支架的体外顺铂释放特性。在体内研究方面,研究者用手术方式将支架植入了15只新西兰大白兔的颈段气管内,随后每周为其进行1次支气管镜检查,并在连续检查5周之后对大白鼠实施了安乐死。研究者还使用高效液相色谱法测定了大白鼠气管、肺、及血液中的顺铂浓度,并对其相关组织进行了组织学检查。
该研究的主要结果为:在体外,该研究用生物可降解支架的机械强度可与UltraFlex金属支架的机械强度相媲美,并能提供长达4周以上的、稳定的持续顺铂释放。而体内的研究表明,大白兔气管部的顺铂水平可稳定维持达5周以上,且其血液中的顺铂水平极低。此外组织学检查表明:大白兔气管支架植入区域的气管纤毛上皮完整无损,而其粘膜下层则有明显的白细胞浸润。
该研究结果显示:研究所使用的生物可降解支架具有与SEMS相似的物理特性,并可以提供长达5周以上的、持续的顺铂释放。因此,其在恶性气管狭窄的治疗方面显示出了较大的潜力。

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND:
Self expandable metallic stents (SEMS) are effective in the palliation of malignant airway obstruction. Tumor in-growth, however, frequently occurs because of a shortage of effective local therapy. Additionally, SEMS are frequently associated with problems of fracture, migration, and difficult removals. Our goal was to develop a novel bioabsorbable stent with cisplatin elution to circumvent such problems.
METHODS:
Biodegradable stents made of polycaprolactone were fabricated by a laboratory-made, micro-injection molding machine. In vitro mechanical strength of the stents was compared to the strength of ultraflex SEMS. Polylactide-polyglycolide copolymer and cisplatin were coated onto the surfaces of the stents. Elution method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were utilized to examine the in vitro cisplatin release characteristics. In vivo, the stents were surgically implanted into the cervical trachea of 15 New Zealand white rabbits. Bronchoscopic examination was performed weekly (1∼5 weeks) before euthanasia. Cisplatin concentrations in trachea, lung, and blood were analyzed by HPLC. Histological examination was also performed.
RESULTS:
The biodegradable stent exhibited mechanical strength comparable to the strength of ultraflex SEMS and provided a steady release of cisplatin for more than 4 weeks in vitro. The in vivo study showed sustained cisplatin levels in rabbit trachea for more than 5 weeks with a minimum drug level in blood. Histological examination showed an intact ciliated epithelium and marked leukocyte infiltration in the submucosa of the stented area.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our study demonstrated that the biodegradable stents provided physical properties comparable to the properties of SEMs and a sustained release of cisplatin for more than 5 weeks, which showed great potential in the treatment of malignant airway obstruction.

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    2013-07-14 Smile2680
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