Cell Rep:新突破,RNA编辑可纠正蛋白突变,逆转神经系统疾病

2020-07-16 Lauren 转化医学网

导言:基因编辑(gene editing)是一种新兴的比较精确的能对生物体基因组特定目标基因进行修饰的一种基因工程技术。基因编辑技术指能够让人类对目标基因进行定点“编辑”,实现

导言:基因编辑(gene editing)是一种新兴的比较精确的能对生物体基因组特定目标基因进行修饰的一种基因工程技术。基因编辑技术指能够让人类对目标基因进行定点“编辑”,实现对特定核酸片段的修饰。近日,俄勒冈健康与科学大学的研究人员在基因编辑方面有了新突破。

科学家们成功地在活的动物体内编辑了RNA,然后修复后的RNA纠正了一种蛋白质的突变,这种蛋白质会导致人们患上一种被称为雷特综合症(Rett syndrome)的神经系统疾病。

俄勒冈健康与科学大学(Oregon Health & Science University)的研究人员在7月14日将他们的研究进展发表在《细胞报告》(Cell Reports)杂志上。

俄勒冈健康与科学大学 Vollum研究所的资深科学家、资深作者Gail Mandel博士表示,“这是使用可编程RNA编辑来修复神经疾病小鼠模型中的基因的第一个例子,为我们提供了一种具有一定吸引力的方法。”

雷特综合征是一种神经衰弱性疾病,是由编码MeCP2蛋白的基因突变引起的。这种疾病几乎只发生在女孩身上,由于它位于X染色体上,估计每1万名活产婴儿中就有1人罹患此病。


图解摘要

在John Sinnamon博士的带领下,Mandel和他的合作者一直致力于在RNA水平上修复突变的MeCP2蛋白,即核糖核酸,核糖核酸充当信使,携带DNA指令来控制蛋白质的合成。

其他科学家已经使用可编程RNA编辑修复技术,来治疗基因工程小鼠的肌营养不良,甚至听力丧失。

然而,这是第一次证明该技术在神经紊乱方面有希望,这种神经紊乱的根源是大脑中数千种不同细胞类型的基因突变。神经系统对这项技术提出的挑战比其他器官(如肌肉或肝脏)的疾病更大,因为这些器官的细胞异质性要小得多。

这项新的研究针对并修复了多种细胞类型的MeCP2蛋白,这在科学上尚属首次。Mandel表示,“我们在三个不同的神经元群中修复了MeCP2蛋白,所以,如果我们能广泛传播编辑成分,它可能会在整个大脑中工作。”

该研究的结果显示了50%编辑的一致性,并且MeCP2蛋白和异染色质在几个海马神经元亚型中具有可比的相关性。这一结果表明,通过外周注射,整个大脑中的神经元群应该具有相似的修复率。通过外周注射,全面的行为测试结合MeCP2蛋白功能和基因表达的定量测量是可能的,并且需要在雄性和雌性Rett综合征小鼠模型中进行。在小鼠中,每个细胞需要多少修复的MeCP2,以及需要修复多少神经元和胶质细胞来逆转Rett综合征表型尚不清楚。


雄鼠海马体注射Mecp2后Mecp2 RNA的高效编辑

先前由爱丁堡大学艾德里安·伯德(Adrian Bird)博士领导的具有里程碑意义的研究表明,在老鼠身上逆转类似雷特的症状是可能的,这表明在人身上也有可能。

虽然俄勒冈健康与科学大学的研究表明RNA修复有希望作为概念的证

原始出处:

John R. Sinnamon, Susan Y. Kim 4, Jenna R. Fisk, et.al. In Vivo Repair of a Protein Underlying a Neurological Disorder by Programmable RNA Editing. Cell Reports VOLUME 32, ISSUE 2, 107878, JULY 14, 2020

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    2020-11-19 zxxiang
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