蜂皇浆除了养颜,还可大大缓解抗肿瘤药物引起的肝损伤!

2022-03-25 LILYMED MedSci原创

PLoS One:蜂王浆通过抗氧化、抗炎和抗细胞凋亡特性对羟基脲诱导的大鼠肝损伤具有保护潜力。

羟基脲(HU)是核糖核苷酸还原酶的抑制剂,常用于治疗骨髓增殖性疾病和镰状细胞性贫血。此外,HUD被用作抗肿瘤药物来治疗各种恶性肿瘤,例如黑色素瘤;白血病;卵巢癌;头颈部癌症。此外,它经常用于治疗HIV感染和镰状细胞病、真性红细胞增多症和原发性血小板减少症。虽然其具有有利的效果但关于其性腺毒性、细胞毒性和遗传毒性影响的报道较多。HDU诱导的性腺毒性(精子产生减少和产精停滞,卵母细胞成熟减少)和细胞毒性的综合机制可以通过活性氧的过度生成来解释。HDU还能诱导胎儿组织和癌细胞系细胞凋亡。此外,一些报道描述了HDU的肝毒性作用,包括肝炎,肝功能障碍和肝功能指标急性升高;然而,这一效应的机理尚未深入研究。

蜂王浆(RJ)是一种厚厚的乳白色物质,由年轻的新出现的工蜂分泌。其成分包括60-70%的水,9-18%的蛋白质和10-16%的总糖,以及少量游离氨基酸,维生素,盐和脂质的混合物。RJ的一些有价值的特性已被报道,包括抗炎、抗肿瘤、降压作用和加速免疫反应。此外,多项研究证明RJ具有抗氧化作用和肝保护作用。

本研究旨在从肝脏氧化/抗氧化状态、促炎细胞因子、凋亡信号通路和组织病理学角度探讨HDU的肝毒性作用。此外,还研究了RJ对HDU诱导的肝损伤的保护作用。

1.存活率和体重变化

实验期间每周记录动物死亡数量,对照组的存活率为88.8%;各组生存率如下:RJ: 88.8%; HDU: 80. %;2HDU: 72.72%; RJ+HDU: 66.6%; RJ+2HDU: 66.6%(图1)。如图2(A)和2(B)所示,与对照组相比,HDU组和2HDU组大鼠的体重和肝体指数显著下降(p <0.001)。此外,RJ+ HDU组和RJ+2HDU组的体重和肝体指数均显著高于HDU组和2HDU组。

2.血清肝细胞酶

如图3所示,HDU组和2HDU组大鼠血清肝细胞酶(AST、ALT和ALP)水平显著增加(p <0.001), 均高于对照组。此外,与对照组相比,经治疗剂量的HDU处理的大鼠血清肝细胞酶含量几乎增加了一倍。同时,两倍剂量的HDU显示血清肝细胞酶增加了约四倍。有趣的是,RJ + HDU组的血清肝细胞酶水平显着降低(p<0.001)至对照组水平,RJ + 2HDU组降低约40%。

3.肝脏氧化应激

HDU和RJ对对照组和治疗组大鼠肝脏氧化应激的影响如图4所示。与对照组相比,肝MDA和NO升高,这在高剂量HDU中更为明显(p<0.001)。大鼠给予RJ + HDU治疗后,MDA含量显著降低(p <0. 001)至对照组水平,但NO明显下降下降了约26%(p <0. 001)。此外,接受双倍剂量HDU的大鼠经过RJ处理后,显着减轻显著减轻HDU对肝脏MDA和No的无害作用分别为39.3%和26.3%(p <0. 001)。

4.肝脏抗氧化状态

如 所示图5.与对照组相比,HDU导致肝GSH,SOD和GPx显着下降(p<0.001),特别是在高剂量HDU下。同样,RJ给药治疗剂量的HDU通过升高GSH水平并使SOD和GPx含量增加约23.5%和35%,显着减轻了HDU对肝组织的有害影响,但仍未达到对照组水平(图3)。与2HDU组相比,接受双倍HDU剂量的RJ大鼠表现出显著性差异(p<0.001),分别使GSH、SOD和GPx含量分别比对照水平低139.3%、73%和100%。

5.细胞凋亡生物标志物(Caspase-3)

如图6所示,对照组和RJ大鼠caspase-3蛋白表达呈阴性(无表达)。HDU中毒大鼠肝细胞中caspase-3蛋白呈弱至中度或阳性免疫反应。此外,2HDU中毒大鼠表现出中等至强的棕色caspase-3表达。口服RJ显示HDU中caspase-3弱表达,2HDU中毒大鼠caspase-3弱至中度免疫染色。HDU和2HDU处理的大鼠肝脏组织中Caspase-3的免疫强染色分别为12±0.28%和22.4±0.16%。施用RJ时,HDU引起的Caspase-3免疫染色显着降低(p <0.001)。

6.促炎细胞因子(TNF-α)

促炎细胞因子(TNF-α)在不同组中的表达见图7。对照组和RJ大鼠TNF-α表达阴性。HDU中毒大鼠肝细胞免疫反应呈弱至中度阳性。2HDU中毒大鼠表现出中度至强烈的褐色表达。口服RJ后HDU中TNF-α表达弱,2HDU中毒大鼠免疫染色弱至中度阳性。HDU和2hdu处理的大鼠肝脏组织中TNF-α免疫染色面积%分别为8.7±0.79%和14.4±0.38%。同样,TNF-α免疫染色在RJ给药时显着降低(p <0.001),单和双剂量HDU分别降低55.8%和56.6%。

7.肝脏组织病理学

如图8所示。与对照组相比,经治疗剂量HDU治疗的大鼠出现轻度至中度肝损害。记录的病变为充血、肝细胞中度至重度水变性、多灶性肝坏死、炎症细胞浸润伴胆道细胞变性。同时,与对照组相比,双剂量HDU治疗组大鼠出现中度至重度肝损害。肝脏病变呈弥漫性,轻度到重度细胞空泡化,呈水变性和脂肪变性。同时,2HDU处理的大鼠均出现多灶性凝固性肝细胞坏死,伴有炎症细胞浸润和多灶性肝细胞凋亡变化。在HDU和2HDU后不久口服蜂王浆可减轻HDU引起的肝损害。

目前的数据提供了关于抗肿瘤药物羟基脲的肝毒性的额外信息,特别是在高剂量羟基脲的情况下。此外,蜂王浆可能通过抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡的特性,对HDU诱导的肝损伤发挥保护作用。因此,蜂王浆可作为一种辅助治疗,以防止羟基脲引起的肝损伤。

 

原文来源:

Tohamy HG, El-Neweshy MS, Soliman MM, et al. Protective potential of royal jelly against hydroxyurea -induced hepatic injury in rats via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis properties. PLoS One. 2022;17(3):e0265261. Published 2022 Mar 18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265261

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    2022-03-25 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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众所周知,慢性肝损伤都会导致肝纤维化的发生,并最终导致肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)的发生。病理性血管生成和内皮功能障碍是肝脏中肿瘤扩散的主要驱动力。