Nat Commun :厦大研究人员与合作团队研究揭示戊型肝炎疫苗跨型广谱保护分子基础

2020-08-13 佚名 细胞

由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的戊型肝炎是我国急性肝炎的首要病因,慢性肝炎患者感染戊肝后的肝衰竭和死亡风险将提高10倍,是我国慢性肝炎突发肝衰竭和死亡的重要诱因。

由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的戊型肝炎是我国急性肝炎的首要病因,慢性肝炎患者感染戊肝后的肝衰竭和死亡风险将提高10倍,是我国慢性肝炎突发肝衰竭和死亡的重要诱因。感染人的HEV主要分为4个基因型,在流行趋势、临床表现、感染宿主上存在较大的差异性,其中基因2型报道极少,全球流行的主要为1型、3型和4型。

全球首个戊型肝炎疫苗由厦门大学国家传染病诊断试剂与疫苗工程技术研究中心和万泰生物共同研制并于2012年上市,主要活性成份为重组表达的1型HEV保护性抗原。III期临床试验结果显示其对在中国流行的1型、4型HEV导致的肝炎的保护率均可达100%(95%可信限72-100),并在动物试验中显示出对在海外更广泛流行的3型HEV的良好保护效果。然而,戊肝疫苗的良好跨型广谱保护效果的分子基础仍不明确。

8月7日,《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)发表了厦门大学夏宁邵教授团队与斯克利普斯研究所朱江副教授团队的一项合作研究结果。该研究将单个B细胞研究技术与低偏差抗体组测序技术相结合,以小样本的戊肝疫苗接种者为研究对象,实现对戊肝疫苗接种全程中抗体的分子演化特征、质量及数量进行精准分析,从而成功重建了戊肝疫苗诱导的特异性抗体应答的时相特征,从抗体分子层面揭示了戊型肝炎疫苗跨型别广谱保护的分子基础。

戊肝疫苗诱导的抗体具有跨病毒型别的广谱保护效应

该研究系统阐释戊肝疫苗接种后人体内的抗体应答。通过流式分选和单细胞PCR分离获得了四名志愿者在接种戊肝疫苗免疫终点时产生的104株特异性全人抗体。这些抗体可识别1型、2型、3型、4型的HEV衣壳蛋白,并且与不同基因型的HEV衣壳蛋白的反应活性相当。体外病毒中和实验表明84.6%的抗体具有病毒中和活性,基于3型HEV病毒的中和实验结果也表明戊肝疫苗对3型HEV的感染具有保护效果。这些结果阐明了HEV疫苗能够提供针对1型、2型、3型、4型HEV病毒的跨型别广谱保护并且揭示了有效性来源及分子基础。

戊肝疫苗能够高效快速地诱导接种者产生保护性抗体

该研究利用深度测序对各志愿者接种戊肝疫苗过程中不同时间点的抗体组进行分析,以HEV特异性全人单抗为诱饵,探索戊肝疫苗接种过程中志愿者体内特异性抗体的发生、发展和成熟。抗体的产生由抗体胚系基因重排、演化、编码而来,人体中编码抗体的IGHV基因约有50种。研究者分析发现,戊肝疫苗诱发的特异性抗体胚系基因来源多样,50种IGHV基因中的28种都能够发展为戊肝疫苗特异的抗体。从各抗体基因来源占比分析,抗体胚系基因主要来源于IGHV1-69、IGHV1-18和IGHV3-30,其中IGHV1-69家族的抗体为优势抗体,在每名志愿者中达到了21.43%-43.48%。IGHV1-69也是流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、登革病毒和丙型肝炎病毒等病原体诱发产生中和抗体的主要来源,是不同人群抗体基因的主要来源之一。这些发现提示戊肝疫苗能够在全世界不同人群中高效地激起机体抗体应答。

戊肝疫苗诱导的抗体基因的体细胞突变程度较低,平均为10.3-21.0个核苷酸,与抗体的病毒中和活性不具有相关性,表明在疫苗诱导的抗体不需要深度的成熟就能够获得病毒中和能力。部分抗体谱系的基因在首次出现时已经具有较强的抗原结合能力。这些结果提示戊肝疫苗能快速地诱导机体产生保护性抗体应答,并且保护性抗体不需要经过长期的演化。

该研究策略有助于疫苗临床试验研究走向微观与精准

疫苗的Ⅲ期临床试验研究是评估疫苗安全性及有效性的重要过程。由于人群的多样性及免疫系统应答的复杂性,疫苗Ⅲ期临床试验具有投入大、人数多、周期长以及风险高等特点。即使Ⅲ期临床评估被证实安全、有效的疫苗,在临床使用中也依然可能暴露出新的问题(如菲律宾登革热疫苗事件)。如何能够在小样本量的研究中更为有效地评估并预测疫苗在大规模使用中的潜在安全性及有效性,一直是疫苗研究领域的焦点问题。

该研究提出的将单细胞抗体克隆与深度测序谱系示踪相结合进行免疫应答分析的策略有助于在临床试验的早期阶段(I或II期)分析疫苗接种者的抗体应答,揭示抗体应答识别的关键表位,预测疫苗的有效性,降低III期临床试验的风险,或者可作为紧急情况下有条件批准疫苗上市的评估手段之一。

厦门大学夏宁邵教授、斯克利普斯研究所朱江副教授和厦门大学郑子峥副教授为该论文的共同通讯作者。厦门大学温桂平博士、斯克利普斯研究所何林玲高级研究员和厦门大学博士后唐自闽、博士生王思令为该论文共同第一作者。该研究获得了国家自然科学基金、“艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治”国家科技重大专项、分子疫苗学和分子诊断学国家重点实验室科研基金和美国国立卫生研究院基金的资助。

原始出处:

Gui-Ping Wen, Linling He, Zi-Min Tang, et al.Quantitative evaluation of protective antibody response induced by hepatitis E vaccine in humans.Nat Commun. 2020 Aug 7;11(1):3971. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17737-w.

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    2021-03-09 liye789132251
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    2021-05-18 liuli5079
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    2020-08-13 lovetcm

    #夏宁邵#教授,中专文化,但是却是疫苗界的牛人!看来牛人不必问出身!#戊肝疫苗#,这是全世界第一个针对戊肝的疫苗,是夏宁邵首先搞出来的,效果相当不错。

    0

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