Circulation:心衰患者贫血与缺铁,现有概念与新兴疗法

2018-07-23 石岩 环球医学

贫血和缺铁是重要且常见的合并症,在心衰患者中常常同时存在。这两种症状同时或单独存在均与较差的临床状态和更差的结局相关。贫血和缺铁只是心衰严重度的指标?它们是否影响心衰进展和结局并因此需要进行治疗?目前仍不清楚。2018年7月,发表在《Circulation》的一项由美国学者进行的综述,探讨了心衰患者贫血与缺铁的原因和治疗方案的选择。

贫血和缺铁是重要且常见的合并症,在心衰患者中常常同时存在。这两种症状同时或单独存在均与较差的临床状态和更差的结局相关。贫血和缺铁只是心衰严重度的指标?它们是否影响心衰进展和结局并因此需要进行治疗?目前仍不清楚。2018年7月,发表在《Circulation》的一项由美国学者进行的综述,探讨了心衰患者贫血与缺铁的原因和治疗方案的选择。

虽然心衰患者的贫血原因尚不完全清楚,但有证据表明神经激素和促炎细胞因子的激活和肾功能不全可能是造成慢性病贫血进展的“祸首”。

近几年,心衰患者接受红细胞生成刺激素(ESAs)治疗贫血已被广泛评估。不幸的是,这些药物并未改善结局,且与较高的不良事件(血栓栓塞)风险相关,因此不建议使用ESAs。

当机体总铁量减少或功能减弱时,当机体总铁量正常或增加但由于贮备池的隔离而不能满足靶组织的需要时,心衰患者缺铁是绝对性的。尽管铁替代治疗对绝对性缺铁导致的贫血患者是合适的,但尚不清楚在非贫血心衰患者中是否以及如何治疗绝对或功能性缺铁。

近期,对射血分数降低的心衰患者和伴有或不伴有贫血的绝对或功能性缺铁患者的短期研究中,早期数据表明,静脉注射而非口服铁剂治疗可能在改善运动能力、NYHA分级和生活质量方面具有潜在作用。然而,需要具有心血管死亡率和发病率终点的更大规模研究和充分的动力学研究来确定心衰患者使用静脉铁剂的长期疗效和安全性。大量的长期持续研究可能会为来解决这些问题提供有价值的信息,并帮助指导未来的临床决策。

在本文中,作者讨论了心衰患者贫血和缺铁的诱因、病因以及治疗选择。 

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    2018-08-23 一一一多

    全面综述

    0

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    2018-08-01 1771ae4158m

    借鉴大家经验很棒

    0

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    2018-08-01 1771ae4158m

    跟大家学习很好

    0

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    2018-08-01 1771ae4158m

    学习一下很不错

    0

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