Nature Aging:浙大团队揭示植物性饮食与中国老年人死亡的关联

2022-03-09 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

既往多项以西方人群为主的大规模人群研究表明,植物性饮食模式(即强调以自然植物源性食物为主,少量摄入动物源性食物)可潜在降低高血压、II型糖尿病、心血管疾病等疾病和死亡风险。

既往多项以西方人群为主的大规模人群研究表明,植物性饮食模式(即强调以自然植物源性食物为主,少量摄入动物源性食物)可潜在降低高血压、II型糖尿病、心血管疾病等疾病和死亡风险。在少量摄入动物源性食物的基础上,健康植物性饮食更倾向于新鲜蔬菜、坚果等健康的植物源性食物;而不健康的植物性饮食则更倾向于腌制蔬菜、糖等不健康的植物源性食物。不同类型的植物性饮食模式与死亡的关联仍然有待进一步解析。同时,中西方人群在饮食习惯、生活方式、遗传因素等多方面存在较大差异,植物性饮食是否有利于中国人群健康需要进一步探索。

2022年3月7日,浙江大学公共卫生学院袁长征研究员课题组与公共管理学院中国农村发展研究院汪笑溪研究员课题组合作,在 Nature Aging 期刊发表了题为:Plant-based dietary patterns in relation to mortality among older adults in China 的研究论文。该研究基于中国纵向健康长寿调查(CLHLS),报道了老年人群中植物性饮食模式与死亡的前瞻性关联。

该研究强调了健康植物性食物的植物性饮食与老年人死亡率较低的风险相关,而富含不健康植物性食物的植物性饮食与较高的死亡率风险相关。具体来说,新鲜水果、新鲜蔬菜、豆类、大蒜、坚果和茶是具有保护作用的健康植物性饮食,而腌制蔬菜和糖与更高的死亡风险相关。这些发现支持了健康的植物性饮食模式的有益作用。

该研究纳入了来自全国23个省、市、自治区的13154名老年人,基线(2008)平均年龄87岁,随访时间为2008年至2018年(平均5.7年)。研究者使用膳食问卷调查结果计算了受访者的整体植物性饮食指数(PDI)、健康植物性饮食指数(hPDI)、不健康植物性饮食指数(uPDI)以评估其饮食模式。研究发现,较高的PDI与较低的死亡风险相关(HR Q5 versus Q1 = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98),较高的hPDI与更低的死亡风险相关(HR Q5 versus Q1 = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.76–0.87),而较高的uPDI与死亡风险上升相关联(HR Q5 versus Q1 = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09–1.26)。因此,健康植物性饮食模式对老年人群长寿具有潜在积极作用,而不健康的植物性饮食模式则可能增加老年人群的死亡风险。这些关联在不同性别、年龄、居住地、吸烟史、体重状态和健康状况的人群亚组中整体较为相似。值得注意的是,不健康的植物性饮食模式在80岁及以下人群和超重人群中与死亡关联较强。

图1. 整体植物性饮食指数(PDI)、健康植物性饮食指数(hPDI)、不健康植物性饮食指数(uPDI)与死亡的关联

图2. 不同人群亚组中整体植物性饮食指数(PDI)、健康植物性饮食指数(hPDI)、不健康植物性饮食指数(uPDI)与死亡的关联

浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院陈辉和沈洁为该文共同第一作者。浙江大学公共卫生学院袁长征研究员和公共管理学院中国农村发展研究院汪笑溪研究员为共同通讯作者。

原始出处:

Chen, H., Shen, J., Xuan, J. et al. Plant-based dietary patterns in relation to mortality among older adults in China. Nat Aging (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-022-00180-5.

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    2023-02-21 xuyong535
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    2022-07-29 lemo003

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    2022-04-02 liye789132251
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如果你的新年决心是采取健康饮食,这里需要关注的是肠道微生物的作用。近日,来自圣路易斯华盛顿大学(WUSTL)基因组学和系统生物学中心的一项新研究发现表明,肠道菌群的多样化受典型的西方饮食的影响,该研究结果已发表于Cell Host & Microbe。此外,研究还发现,西方饮食所影响的肠道菌群可能会减弱健康、卡路里较少和植物性饮食的效果。西方饮食(有时被称为“美国标准饮食”)通常被定义为含