穿支皮瓣的类型及其临床应用

2017-07-04 伊文 骨关节空间

穿支皮瓣的概念由日本Koshima和Soeda于1989年首先提出,是指由穿支动静脉供养的岛状皮下组织皮瓣,属于轴型血管的皮瓣范畴。自1997年以来国际上每年召开一次穿支皮瓣培训交流大会,但直到2003年"根特"共识的发表,才引起世界学者的广泛重视。我国的穿支皮瓣概念由张世民等于2004年首先介绍。穿支皮瓣的概念曾在国内引起激烈争论,包括其基本的定义、命名、与传统皮瓣的关系等。笔者从穿支皮瓣的

穿支皮瓣的概念由日本Koshima和Soeda于1989年首先提出,是指由穿支动静脉供养的岛状皮下组织皮瓣,属于轴型血管的皮瓣范畴。自1997年以来国际上每年召开一次穿支皮瓣培训交流大会,但直到2003年"根特"共识的发表,才引起世界学者的广泛重视。我国的穿支皮瓣概念由张世民等于2004年首先介绍。穿支皮瓣的概念曾在国内引起激烈争论,包括其基本的定义、命名、与传统皮瓣的关系等。笔者从穿支皮瓣的概念与类型演变、临床应用及并发症分析,探讨提高临床治疗效果的方法。

1 穿支皮瓣的概念及演变

穿支皮瓣是以穿支血管(肌皮穿支和肌间隔穿支)为直接供血来源的轴型皮瓣。轴型皮瓣(粗大的轴型血管)与随意型皮瓣(细小的随意型血管)是相互对应的两个概念。轴型皮瓣(轴型血管)的概念是随着时代的发展、显微外科技术的进步而变化的。在早期的传统皮瓣阶段,一般认为轴型血管的口径应≥1 mm才能成功进行显微外科吻合,即全身的轴型皮瓣有70余处。穿支皮瓣概念出现后,要求穿支血管的口径应≥0.5 mm(或0.8 mm),即全身的轴型皮瓣有300余处。现在看来,再细些的血管(≥0.3 mm)也可被称作轴型血管,因为超级显微外科技术已能成功进行"穿支对穿支"的移植,而且再细小的血管也能作为穿支蒂皮瓣进行转移,甚至提出了"毛细血管型穿支皮瓣"[5]。如此看来,许多以前被认为仅能切取随意型皮瓣的供区,目前均能切取轴型皮瓣了。也就是说,虽然随意型皮瓣的供区没有减少,但轴型皮瓣的供区数目却显着增加,虽然没有确切的统计数据,但肯定已远超300余处。

早期的穿支皮瓣均取自肌皮穿支血管,均不带深筋膜,但均携带上级源动脉,即穿支皮瓣是由穿支动脉和伴行穿静脉供养的皮下组织皮瓣(狭义概念)。但临床实践的丰富多彩,使穿支皮瓣的概念获得了实际性扩展,即由穿支血管供养的一切皮瓣均属于穿支皮瓣的范畴(广义概念)。只要皮瓣的直接供血蒂部为穿支动脉、皮瓣的切取过程贯彻了穿支皮瓣的外科理念(逆向解剖,先确定穿支而不是先确定源动脉,保护供区、减少损伤)、术中解剖分离到了穿支血管,均应称为穿支皮瓣[4]。带或不带上级源动脉仅由临床实际需要(如血管蒂的长度、受区吻接血管的口径等)的切取方式而定。这是穿支皮瓣与传统轴型皮瓣(顺行切取,先显露深部起源动脉,且必须携带上级源动脉)的主要不同点。

2 穿支皮瓣的类型

穿支皮瓣有简单类型(单纯穿支皮瓣)和复杂类型(特殊穿支皮瓣)。

简单类型的穿支皮瓣是指仅由1个穿支血管供养的皮瓣。(1)供养的血管蒂有两种类型,一为仅切取穿支血管(不带源动脉),二为穿支带上级源动脉;(2)携带的组织瓣有多种类型,包括真皮下血管网皮瓣(超薄皮瓣)、皮下组织皮瓣、筋膜皮瓣、皮神经营养血管皮瓣、筋膜皮下瓣等。我国的专家共识[4]提出,临床命名穿支皮瓣时,应指明其源动脉和组织瓣类型,如"骨间后动脉穿支皮瓣"意为不切取骨间后动脉、仅为其穿支血管供养的皮下组织皮瓣,而"带骨间后动脉穿支筋膜皮瓣"意为切取骨间后动脉但以其穿支供养的筋膜皮瓣。增加一个"带"字以突出其携带源动脉的特征。

复杂穿支皮瓣又称为特殊类型穿支皮瓣[6],但其营养血管均起源于同一个上级母体源血管,包括联体穿支皮瓣(面积大或长)、分叶穿支皮瓣(二叶、三叶等)、嵌合穿支皮瓣(多个不同种类的多元组织瓣)、超薄穿支皮瓣、血流桥接穿支皮瓣等。特殊类型穿支皮瓣是内容最丰富、形式最复杂、使用最变化多端的穿支皮瓣,最能显示临床医师匠心独运的创造力和想象力[7,8]。

3 穿支皮瓣的临床应用及并发症

3.1 临床应用

穿支皮瓣的临床应用方式有带蒂转位(V-Y推进、螺旋桨旋转)和游离移植。(1)对于大面积的联体穿支皮瓣或血循环不充分的皮瓣,尚需进行辅助的血管吻合(动脉外增压或静脉超回流)。(2)对于中小面积或单纯皮肤软组织缺损的创面,局部转位的穿支血管蒂螺旋桨皮瓣能获得良好的效果,尤其在小腿下段和足踝创面获得了广泛的应用[9,10,11]。将穿支血管解剖游离至主干动脉(胫后动脉、腓动脉),获得充分的长度(≥2 cm)以平滑的分担180°扭曲,是保证成功的关键。(3)对于面积较大或缺损结构复杂的创面,常需要穿支皮瓣游离移植才能可较好地解决问题[12],如穿支联体皮瓣、穿支嵌合皮瓣、血流桥接穿支皮瓣、甚至多个穿支皮瓣的显微外科拼装等。

临床上约80%的创面仅仅涉及皮肤的覆盖,并无深部结构或体积的缺损。因此,切取不带深筋膜的薄型皮瓣,不仅能减少供区损伤,而且能提高受区的修复效果。Schaverien和Saint-Cyr[13]研究认为,在四肢切取皮瓣时保留深筋膜结构于原位,通过穿支血管与真皮下血管网的联系,不影响皮瓣的血供,利于对皮下脂肪进行减薄处理,利于供区的闭合,能预防肌肉疝的发生,利于保留浅静脉干(如大隐静脉、小隐静脉)和主要皮神经支(如隐神经、腓肠神经),真正达到减少供区损害的目的。

我国穿支皮瓣的临床应用和研究发展迅猛,如Wang和Sun[14]的指固有动脉背侧支穿支皮瓣游离移植修复指腹缺损,吻合的血管口径仅0.2~0.3 mm。在皮瓣设计上,Zhang等[15]提出了"化宽度为长度的KISS理论" ,如在股前外侧供区,根据旋股外侧动脉降支的多个穿支血管,先切取较长的皮瓣,再根据穿支的部位进行分割,拼装成一个较宽的皮瓣,以适应受区宽大圆形创面的需要,而供区的长条形缺损则能直接拉拢缝合,愈合后仅留一条线状瘢痕。

细小的穿支血管解剖变异较多,因此术前详细准确的可视化血管探察十分重要,包括穿支血管的部位、起源、口径、流速、分支等,有时需多种探测显像技术联合应用[超声多普勒增强、CT血管成像(CTA)等]才能提高术前预判的准确性[16]。术中使用吲哚菁绿(ICG)荧光显像对判断皮瓣的动脉血供是否充足很有帮助[17]。但穿支皮瓣术后并发症大多出现在静脉回流方面,需进一步研究判断静脉回流效能的技术方法。

3.2 穿支皮瓣的并发症

穿支皮瓣在我国的推广应用约有10年的历史。就目前的医学技术水平而言,穿支皮瓣是临床上综合效益最好的皮瓣,供区损失结构少,受区修复效果好[18]。但细小的穿支血管往往也更容易发生血循环危象而导致并发症甚至失败。Bekara等[19]综合分析了穿支皮瓣修复小腿创面的文献,其中穿支游离皮瓣共36篇(共涉及1 226个皮瓣),穿支螺旋桨皮瓣共19篇(共涉及302个皮瓣)。结果发现,穿支游离皮瓣总失败率为3.9%,并发症发生率为19.0%,皮瓣部分坏死发生率为2.7%,伤口裂开发生率为2.38%,感染发生率为4.45%,创面覆盖失败率为5.24%。穿支螺旋桨皮瓣总失败率为2.77%,并发症发生率为21.4%,皮瓣部分坏死发生率为6.88%,伤口裂开发生率为0.26%,感染发生率为1.22%,创面覆盖失败率为2.99%。游离皮瓣发生的大多为重要并发症(需要手术处理),而带蒂皮瓣发生的大多为次要并发症(无须手术处理)。可见,穿支皮瓣较传统轴型皮瓣的并发症并没有减少。Bekara等[20]进一步分析了40篇文献的428个穿支螺旋桨皮瓣,其并发症发生率为25.2%(包括皮瓣部分坏死10.2%,完全坏死3.5%),全部成活率为84.3%。统计结果表明三个导致并发症的危险因素:>60岁、糖尿病、周围血管病变。其实这三个因素对开展任何类型的皮瓣手术,都是并发症的危险因素。严格按照皮瓣外科的手术操作规程,包括术前血管蒂探测、按照"点线面弧"原则设计皮瓣、术中根据实际发现随机应变的进行调整、高超的显微外科血管吻合技术、严密的术后监护观察和处理,是减少并发症,提高皮瓣成活率的关键[21]。

4 总结及展望

穿支皮瓣的深入发展不应偏废传统轴型皮瓣和其他创面覆盖技术的应用。临床上皮瓣的安全成活、创面的覆盖成功是第一需求,在此基础上可再追求美观外形和一次完成等。如何在传统轴型皮瓣和穿支皮瓣之间作出科学合理的选择,需要综合考虑患者全身状况、受区需要、设备条件和技术团队等因素。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835686, encodeId=2c0918356863f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Mon Nov 13 05:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223780, encodeId=c7cc223e803c, content=学习了学习了学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuIjZYTAgkEia1SFuoeAByVaQC8uXegibpJEV2Q7SqhpDINJicNiaU5pYicYmy5WsI8l5hDribViac2A1BQ9/0, createdBy=c36f1724608, createdName=hfuym10906, createdTime=Wed Jul 19 07:31:59 CST 2017, time=2017-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1943322, encodeId=3b3819433228d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cec1e5449e7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#穿支皮瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75449, encryptionId=cec1e5449e7, topicName=穿支皮瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a7b6284, createdName=FukaiBao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 08:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221633, encodeId=3a092216333a, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 06:16:40 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219562, encodeId=bf49219562c3, content=很好的文章,分析的有理,有据,有数据。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuDgEbDRfWcftiarHDaa17aCWHEo4IeCfXLgTML6WaKvazzu8icHpHKMe0wuicrDgJdv0EeedaUlKhiaia/0, createdBy=be5d2086875, createdName=139****5172, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 16:50:42 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1425623, encodeId=6e841425623ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0cae1973bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71973, encryptionId=e0cae1973bb, topicName=皮瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9df03986056, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Thu Jul 06 13:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218816, encodeId=ebeb218816fb, content=很棒的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K6uiaa8Rp49ibOhXXPica7icVOgRWzYu3UJYe0BpHicBXialCN3bbvN85QtImfQVRMgCQkfGbL4c0bv1jD/0, createdBy=f7c21673796, createdName=guangyi1980, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 12:49:30 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218770, encodeId=4fc2218e7035, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 10:05:13 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218759, encodeId=d752218e59cc, content=好好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K1RUfOKQohib4bXhDtxVgOA9VcKY1LUZkCOmr0v3WupxANz2ibibNHkdevtSruvrhyI29IjXdtvUV48/0, createdBy=6ff82057534, createdName=139****5926, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 09:39:20 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-19 hfuym10906

    学习了学习了学习了

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835686, encodeId=2c0918356863f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Mon Nov 13 05:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223780, encodeId=c7cc223e803c, content=学习了学习了学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuIjZYTAgkEia1SFuoeAByVaQC8uXegibpJEV2Q7SqhpDINJicNiaU5pYicYmy5WsI8l5hDribViac2A1BQ9/0, createdBy=c36f1724608, createdName=hfuym10906, createdTime=Wed Jul 19 07:31:59 CST 2017, time=2017-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1943322, encodeId=3b3819433228d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cec1e5449e7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#穿支皮瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75449, encryptionId=cec1e5449e7, topicName=穿支皮瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a7b6284, createdName=FukaiBao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 08:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221633, encodeId=3a092216333a, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 06:16:40 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219562, encodeId=bf49219562c3, content=很好的文章,分析的有理,有据,有数据。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuDgEbDRfWcftiarHDaa17aCWHEo4IeCfXLgTML6WaKvazzu8icHpHKMe0wuicrDgJdv0EeedaUlKhiaia/0, createdBy=be5d2086875, createdName=139****5172, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 16:50:42 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1425623, encodeId=6e841425623ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0cae1973bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71973, encryptionId=e0cae1973bb, topicName=皮瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9df03986056, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Thu Jul 06 13:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218816, encodeId=ebeb218816fb, content=很棒的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K6uiaa8Rp49ibOhXXPica7icVOgRWzYu3UJYe0BpHicBXialCN3bbvN85QtImfQVRMgCQkfGbL4c0bv1jD/0, createdBy=f7c21673796, createdName=guangyi1980, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 12:49:30 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218770, encodeId=4fc2218e7035, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 10:05:13 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218759, encodeId=d752218e59cc, content=好好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K1RUfOKQohib4bXhDtxVgOA9VcKY1LUZkCOmr0v3WupxANz2ibibNHkdevtSruvrhyI29IjXdtvUV48/0, createdBy=6ff82057534, createdName=139****5926, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 09:39:20 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835686, encodeId=2c0918356863f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Mon Nov 13 05:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223780, encodeId=c7cc223e803c, content=学习了学习了学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuIjZYTAgkEia1SFuoeAByVaQC8uXegibpJEV2Q7SqhpDINJicNiaU5pYicYmy5WsI8l5hDribViac2A1BQ9/0, createdBy=c36f1724608, createdName=hfuym10906, createdTime=Wed Jul 19 07:31:59 CST 2017, time=2017-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1943322, encodeId=3b3819433228d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cec1e5449e7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#穿支皮瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75449, encryptionId=cec1e5449e7, topicName=穿支皮瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a7b6284, createdName=FukaiBao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 08:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221633, encodeId=3a092216333a, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 06:16:40 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219562, encodeId=bf49219562c3, content=很好的文章,分析的有理,有据,有数据。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuDgEbDRfWcftiarHDaa17aCWHEo4IeCfXLgTML6WaKvazzu8icHpHKMe0wuicrDgJdv0EeedaUlKhiaia/0, createdBy=be5d2086875, createdName=139****5172, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 16:50:42 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1425623, encodeId=6e841425623ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0cae1973bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71973, encryptionId=e0cae1973bb, topicName=皮瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9df03986056, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Thu Jul 06 13:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218816, encodeId=ebeb218816fb, content=很棒的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K6uiaa8Rp49ibOhXXPica7icVOgRWzYu3UJYe0BpHicBXialCN3bbvN85QtImfQVRMgCQkfGbL4c0bv1jD/0, createdBy=f7c21673796, createdName=guangyi1980, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 12:49:30 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218770, encodeId=4fc2218e7035, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 10:05:13 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218759, encodeId=d752218e59cc, content=好好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K1RUfOKQohib4bXhDtxVgOA9VcKY1LUZkCOmr0v3WupxANz2ibibNHkdevtSruvrhyI29IjXdtvUV48/0, createdBy=6ff82057534, createdName=139****5926, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 09:39:20 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-13 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2017-07-07 139****5172

    很好的文章,分析的有理,有据,有数据。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835686, encodeId=2c0918356863f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Mon Nov 13 05:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223780, encodeId=c7cc223e803c, content=学习了学习了学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuIjZYTAgkEia1SFuoeAByVaQC8uXegibpJEV2Q7SqhpDINJicNiaU5pYicYmy5WsI8l5hDribViac2A1BQ9/0, createdBy=c36f1724608, createdName=hfuym10906, createdTime=Wed Jul 19 07:31:59 CST 2017, time=2017-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1943322, encodeId=3b3819433228d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cec1e5449e7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#穿支皮瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75449, encryptionId=cec1e5449e7, topicName=穿支皮瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a7b6284, createdName=FukaiBao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 08:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221633, encodeId=3a092216333a, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 06:16:40 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219562, encodeId=bf49219562c3, content=很好的文章,分析的有理,有据,有数据。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuDgEbDRfWcftiarHDaa17aCWHEo4IeCfXLgTML6WaKvazzu8icHpHKMe0wuicrDgJdv0EeedaUlKhiaia/0, createdBy=be5d2086875, createdName=139****5172, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 16:50:42 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1425623, encodeId=6e841425623ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0cae1973bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71973, encryptionId=e0cae1973bb, topicName=皮瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9df03986056, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Thu Jul 06 13:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218816, encodeId=ebeb218816fb, content=很棒的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K6uiaa8Rp49ibOhXXPica7icVOgRWzYu3UJYe0BpHicBXialCN3bbvN85QtImfQVRMgCQkfGbL4c0bv1jD/0, createdBy=f7c21673796, createdName=guangyi1980, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 12:49:30 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218770, encodeId=4fc2218e7035, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 10:05:13 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218759, encodeId=d752218e59cc, content=好好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K1RUfOKQohib4bXhDtxVgOA9VcKY1LUZkCOmr0v3WupxANz2ibibNHkdevtSruvrhyI29IjXdtvUV48/0, createdBy=6ff82057534, createdName=139****5926, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 09:39:20 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-06 sunylz
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    2017-07-05 guangyi1980

    很棒的文章

    0

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    2017-07-05 戒馋,懒,贪

    不错的文章

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835686, encodeId=2c0918356863f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Mon Nov 13 05:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223780, encodeId=c7cc223e803c, content=学习了学习了学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuIjZYTAgkEia1SFuoeAByVaQC8uXegibpJEV2Q7SqhpDINJicNiaU5pYicYmy5WsI8l5hDribViac2A1BQ9/0, createdBy=c36f1724608, createdName=hfuym10906, createdTime=Wed Jul 19 07:31:59 CST 2017, time=2017-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1943322, encodeId=3b3819433228d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cec1e5449e7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#穿支皮瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75449, encryptionId=cec1e5449e7, topicName=穿支皮瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a7b6284, createdName=FukaiBao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 08:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221633, encodeId=3a092216333a, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 06:16:40 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219562, encodeId=bf49219562c3, content=很好的文章,分析的有理,有据,有数据。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuDgEbDRfWcftiarHDaa17aCWHEo4IeCfXLgTML6WaKvazzu8icHpHKMe0wuicrDgJdv0EeedaUlKhiaia/0, createdBy=be5d2086875, createdName=139****5172, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 16:50:42 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1425623, encodeId=6e841425623ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0cae1973bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71973, encryptionId=e0cae1973bb, topicName=皮瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9df03986056, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Thu Jul 06 13:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218816, encodeId=ebeb218816fb, content=很棒的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K6uiaa8Rp49ibOhXXPica7icVOgRWzYu3UJYe0BpHicBXialCN3bbvN85QtImfQVRMgCQkfGbL4c0bv1jD/0, createdBy=f7c21673796, createdName=guangyi1980, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 12:49:30 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218770, encodeId=4fc2218e7035, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 10:05:13 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218759, encodeId=d752218e59cc, content=好好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K1RUfOKQohib4bXhDtxVgOA9VcKY1LUZkCOmr0v3WupxANz2ibibNHkdevtSruvrhyI29IjXdtvUV48/0, createdBy=6ff82057534, createdName=139****5926, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 09:39:20 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-05 139****5926

    好好文章学习了

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