Journal of Cell Science:美国南加州大学研究表明,半乳糖可以帮助摧毁癌细胞

2020-06-23 Cathy 转化医学网

导言:就像人体内所有的细胞一样,癌细胞也需要代谢葡萄糖来促进其增殖和生长。尤其是癌细胞无限增殖、容易转移的特点,使其比正常细胞代谢葡萄糖的速度要快得多。近日,来自美国南加州大学的研究人员发现了癌细胞的

导言:就像人体内所有的细胞一样,癌细胞也需要代谢葡萄糖来促进其增殖和生长。尤其是癌细胞无限增殖、容易转移的特点,使其比正常细胞代谢葡萄糖的速度要快得多。近日,来自美国南加州大学的研究人员发现了癌细胞的一个弱点:另一种单糖——半乳糖无法被癌细胞代谢,这为治疗癌症提供新思路。

随着医疗科技的进步,治疗癌症的方法也越来越多,如手术治疗,放化疗,中药治疗等。治疗方法虽多,但是不同的治疗方法存在不同程度的副作用,如脱发。有的治疗方法可导致患者体质变差,降低患者生存质量等。

近日,一项针对癌细胞代谢的新研究表明,将携带一种常见致癌基因的癌细胞暴露在半乳糖中,这些癌细胞便会死亡。这项研究由美国南加州大学化学工程与材料科学助理教授尼古拉斯·格雷厄姆(Nicholas Graham)实验室的博士生郑东庆(Dongqing Zheng)领导并发表在《细胞科学》杂志上。题目为“AKT but not MYC promotes reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death in oxidative culture”。


这项研究表明,致癌基因可以在癌细胞中造成代谢缺陷,会导致癌细胞对糖供应的变化不灵活。正常情况下,细胞通过代谢葡萄糖来生长,大多数正常细胞也可以通过半乳糖来生长。然而,研究小组发现,携带AKT基因的癌细胞无法处理半乳糖,因此用半乳糖对这类细胞进行处理,它们便会死亡。

研究人员采用代谢组学方法,发现在半乳糖培养中死亡的AKT表达细胞出现了谷胱甘肽代谢上调的情况。蛋白组分析显示,在半乳糖中死亡的AKT表达细胞也上调了无义介导的mRNA衰变,这是氧化应激敏感性的一个标志。因此,他们测量了活性氧(ROS)的水平,发现半乳糖只在表达AKT的细胞中诱导ROS。此外,半乳糖诱导AKT表达细胞死亡需要活性氧。他们随后证实,半乳糖通过上调AKT信号转导,从而诱导ROS介导的乳腺癌细胞死亡。这些结果表明在没有MYC的情况下,AKT限制了癌细胞进行氧化磷酸化的灵活性。

研究小组还发现,虽然半乳糖带来的氧化过程确实导致了AKT型癌细胞的死亡,但当细胞产生MYC基因突变时,半乳糖却无法杀死细胞。格雷厄姆说:“所以如果有一种能抑制糖酵解的药物,那就可以应用于AKT突变的病人。但不能应用于有MYC突变的病人,因为理论上半乳糖这对那些MYC突变型癌细胞不起作用。”

值得一提的是:当癌细胞接触半乳糖15天后,其中一些癌细胞又开始重新增殖。对此,郑解释说:“一种可能性是,也许有一小群人对半乳糖存在抵抗。而另一种可能性是,一些癌细胞具有很强的适应性,在暴露于半乳糖治疗两周后,它们会自我适应并重新编程。”

格雷厄姆表示,癌症治疗的系统生物学方法不同于传统的治疗方法,如化疗和放疗,因为它针对的是癌细胞的代谢过程。它的目的是在没有传统化学疗法的副作用的情况下鉴定药物。然而,在许多针对癌症的代谢疗法中,复发是常见的。但是在癌细胞部分复发之前,这些疗法仍然显示出了很强的初步效果。他还表示,他们的实验室将尝试找出哪些类型的联合治疗方法可以用于检测含有AKT基因的癌细胞,并研究专门用于这方面的药物,从而开发出更有效的治疗方法。

原始出处:

Dongqing Zheng, Jonathan H. Sussman, Matthew P. Jeon, et.al. AKT but not MYC promotes reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death in oxidative culture. Journal of Cell Science 2020 133: jcs239277

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    2020-10-10 维他命
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    2020-06-25 yxch36
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    2020-06-25 jichang
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    2020-06-25 minzju5058

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导言:胶质母细胞瘤是星形细胞肿瘤中恶性程度最高的胶质瘤,生长速度极快,70%~80%患者病程在3~6个月,病程超过1年者仅10%,在积极治疗后,也极可能在半年到一年之间马上复发并快速进展。因此,遏制胶