Nature Commun:强迫症与基因变异有关系

2017-10-18 佚名 学术经纬

东西一定要放得整整齐齐,出门时要检查好几次有没有上锁……相信每个人的身边都有这样的朋友。我们一般管这种行为叫做“强迫症”。据估计,全世界有超过8000万人受强迫症的影响,其中许多人会产生不自主的强迫性思考,做上一些外人难以理解的重复行为。


东西一定要放得整整齐齐,出门时要检查好几次有没有上锁……相信每个人的身边都有这样的朋友。我们一般管这种行为叫做“强迫症”。据估计,全世界有超过8000万人受强迫症的影响,其中许多人会产生不自主的强迫性思考,做上一些外人难以理解的重复行为。

随着人们对强迫症理解的越发深入,我们逐渐意识到,它可能和遗传有关。全基因组关联研究(GWAS)结果表明,谷氨酸盐信号通路在其中扮演了关键作用,但具体哪些基因变异会引起强迫症,则依旧没有定论。

今日,《自然》子刊《Nature Communications》在线发表了一篇论文,在人类基因组中找到了4个和强迫症有着密切关联的基因。这项研究有助于我们从根本上理解强迫症这种疾病。
 
▲4条基因与人类强迫症高度相关

为了找到这些基因,科学家们首先根据先前的研究,建立了一个候选基因库。这些候选基因有些来自犬类研究,有些来自鼠类研究,还有一些则来自人类研究。进行汇总后,科学家们一共得到了608条候选基因。

随后,他们对592名患有强迫症的欧洲人后裔进行了测序,并找了560名有同样祖源的志愿者作为对照。测序后的比对找到了超过12万个单核苷酸多态性(SNP),其中有41504个SNP在多项分析中均存在,它们被认为可信度较高,因此被用于后续分析。

在接下来的研究里,科学家们着重评估了强迫症患者中,哪些SNP显著更多。这一分析在608条基因中找到了5条和强迫症有高度关联的基因。在排除掉一条可能由于其他原因误引入的基因后,这一数字最终定格为4条。

▲这4条基因(红色)都与神经突触的功能有关

有趣的是,这4条基因都在神经突触中起到了关键作用。其中,NRXN1编码了一个突触/细胞粘附蛋白,会影响到细胞的定位或是相互作用,从而影响突触功能;HTR2A编码了G蛋白偶联的血清素受体,在中枢神经系统中广泛表达;REEP3基因编码的蛋白会影响到神经元细胞内的内质网,可能会进而影响这些神经元的功能;CTTNBP2基因则能调控突触的形成。结合来看,这4条基因都参与了和强迫症相关的神经通路,能从多个角度影响到血清素和谷氨酸盐的信号传递,以及突触联系。

本项研究中找到的4条基因,有力地支持了强迫症背后的遗传因素。目前,并没有治疗强迫症的有效药物,而这可以从我们自身找到原因——强迫症的发病与基因变异有着千丝万缕的关系。在矫正这些基因变异前,所有的疗法都可以说是治标不治本。强迫症的难治,也就情有可原了。

原始出处:

Hyun Ji Noh,Ruqi Tang,Kerstin Lin,et al.Integrating evolutionary and regulatory information with a multispecies approach implicates genes and pathways in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Nature Communications 8, Article number: 774 (2017) doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00831-x

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    2018-06-16 liye789132251
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    2018-02-22 liuli5079
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    2017-10-20 sunfeifeiyang

    都是基因惹的祸

    0

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中华医学会精神医学分会组织专家编写了《中国强迫症防治指南》。考虑到DSM-5中新纳入的躯体变形障碍、拔毛症、囤积障碍和抓痕障碍并未获得广泛认可且相关研究较少,所以《指南》中仅涉及强迫症的相关内容。该《指南》是中华医学会精神医学分会系列疾病防治指南之一,总体上遵循了系列指南的统一原则和风格,突出了诊疗,根据不同的临床特征提出相应的治疗建议;强调了科学性,注重循证证据,尽可能全面检索强迫症相关的国内外