IEEE Trans:慢性耳鸣患者脑电网络与调制声刺激的相关性分析

2021-04-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

听觉刺激对大脑的影响,尤其是从脑网络的角度分析,可以揭示慢性耳鸣患者不同脑区之间的相互作用是如何传播和整合的。本文特别设计了一个方案,记录耳鸣患者接受连续声刺激神经调节治疗达75天时的脑电图(EEG)

听觉刺激对大脑的影响,尤其是从脑网络的角度分析,可以揭示慢性耳鸣患者不同脑区之间的相互作用是如何传播和整合的。本文特别设计了一个方案,记录耳鸣患者接受连续声刺激神经调节治疗达75天时的脑电图(EEG),使用耳鸣障碍量表(THI)评估耳鸣严重程度或声刺激治疗效果,脑电图每两周记录一次大脑活动。然后,使用基于EEG的相干分析来研究在75天的声学治疗期间,是否可以观察到与临床结果一致的脑网络变化。最后,进行相关分析,探讨网络特性与耳鸣障碍量表评分变化的潜在关系。长期周期性声刺激治疗后,脑电网络明显变弱,耳鸣障碍量表评分变化或声刺激治疗效果与脑网络性质的变化密切相关。长期声刺激神经调节干预能促进慢性耳鸣患者的康复,EEG网络为耳鸣临床诊断和治疗的客观评价提供了一种相对可靠的定量分析方法。

耳鸣是一种听觉幻觉知觉,在没有任何物理声源的情况下发出音调、嘶嘶声或嗡嗡声。耳鸣多见于60岁以上人群,占老年人的8%~20%;然而,慢性耳鸣可以发生在任何年龄。耳鸣的共病因素,包括压力、注意力缺陷、失眠、焦虑、抑郁,甚至自杀。大多数慢性耳鸣是由中枢性引起的,声学疗法可以充分刺激耳鸣的听觉通路。大多数慢性耳鸣是由中枢性引起的,声学疗法可以充分刺激耳鸣的听觉通路。虽然THI量表被广泛用于评价患者的耳鸣程度,但它在很大程度上受患者主观判断的影响,客观评价耳鸣恢复程度的可靠指标仍然缺乏,主要是由于耳鸣障碍的康复神经机制尚不清楚。传统的耳鸣治疗主要集中在听觉区域,而非听觉区域在耳鸣发生时也会改变其功能。脑网络可以从全局的角度分析某一耳鸣区域对整个大脑区域的影响。

本研究旨在揭示在长期声刺激治疗过程中受损的脑网络是否可以逐渐重建,以及脑网络信号是否可以作为表征耳鸣恢复程度的潜在生物标志物。

本研究中的所有实验操作均经中国电子科技大学伦理委员会审核通过。招募了30名受试者,9名右利手双侧慢性耳鸣患者(54.4%)± 10.8年)完成75天的实验,耳鸣患者由医生诊断,以确定谁可以参与实验。在脑电图采集过程中,患者按照医生的要求填写5分钟THI量表评估。在75天的实验中,使用BetterLife医疗公司设计的耳鸣移动治疗仪,在1000-3000Hz范围内进行自适应调整,进行耳鸣声刺激治疗。然后,要求患者闭上眼睛,头部静止,身体放松。他们戴着隔音耳塞,静息状态下采集脑电图5分钟,称为预刺激数据采集(pre)。在预先收集数据后,耳鸣患者在移动耳鸣治疗装置上佩戴耳机,并进行15分钟的物理声学干预。脑电信号是在声刺激过程中采集的,称为刺激数据采集(Stim)。最后,以与数据采集前相同的要求采集脑电5min,称为数据采集后刺激(post)。每例患者的数据收集时间为6个疗程,两个疗程间隔15天。在这15天的时间间隔内,患者每天在家用移动耳鸣治疗仪接受30分钟的声刺激,医生每周打电话或发邮件填写表格,并跟踪耳鸣的治疗进展。当患者参与本实验时,他只在家里按照医嘱进行治疗,没有服用任何药物来缓解耳鸣障碍。将6次收集的数据标记为S1、S2、S3、S4、S5和S6,其中S1作为基线,不进行声刺激治疗。

Fig. 1. - The experiment procedure of acoustic stimulus and data collection.

声刺激实验过程及数据采集 

利用静息状态脑电采集前后的脑电数据,构建相应的脑电网络。进行了相干网络分析,并计算了网络特性与THI总分之间的相关性。

Fig. 2. - The procedure for EEG data analysis.

脑电数据分析程序

随着刺激的进行,长期刺激后,脑网络性能可改善5%以上。丘脑皮层之间的干扰会引起耳鸣,耳鸣反过来通过丘脑皮层全球脑网络通过自上而下的影响放大听觉神经活动的影响,即耳鸣患者通常表现出这些相关脑区之间的联系增强。因此,减少的网络模式和性质一致地表明,声刺激可以改善受损的大脑网络。本研究进一步验证了长期干预确实有效,并且可以影响和促进脑网络,因为目前的研究发现,经过长期治疗后,EEG网络变得明显较弱。

脑电网络分析表明,在声刺激过程中,网络模式得到了改善。为了进一步研究脑电网络是否与临床THI评分相关,进行了两个相关分析。第一个是网络属性和六个会话中相应的THI分数之间的相关性。HI评分在声刺激过程中呈下降趋势,说明调制刺激后慢性耳鸣程度减轻。网络特性与THI评分有很强的相关性,说明网络特性可以反映临床慢性耳鸣的严重程度。第二个相关分析则进一步探讨长期刺激后,网络特性是否也能反映改善后的THI评分。

总之,EEG网络为耳鸣临床诊断和治疗的客观评价提供了一种相对可靠的定量分析方法。

X. Zhang et al., "Correlation Analysis of EEG Brain Network With Modulated Acoustic Stimulation for Chronic Tinnitus Patients," in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 156-162, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2020.3039555.

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