Nature:一次用药,长期保护,吉利德开发的艾滋病候选药物在灵长类动物中效果显著

2021-12-14 “E药世界”公众号 “E药世界”公众号

艾滋病(AIDS),全称是获得性免疫缺陷综合征,这是一种由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起的、危害性极大的传染病。

艾滋病(AIDS),全称是获得性免疫缺陷综合征,这是一种由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起的、危害性极大的传染病。HIV病毒可以攻击并严重破坏人体免疫系统,因此艾滋病患者常常因免疫能力不足而发生二次感染或罹患肿瘤,这也使得艾滋病患者的死亡率极高。

据联合国艾滋病规划署数据,全球范围内HIV携带者和艾滋病患者人数从2013年末的3430万人增至2018年末的3800万人,且数量仍在快速增长。

2021年12月7日,哈佛大学医学院和吉利德科学的研究人员在 Nature 发表了题为:Long Acting Capsid Inhibitor Protects Macaques From Repeat SHIV Challenges 的研究论文。

该研究表明,针对HIV病毒衣壳的抑制剂——GS-CA1,能够一次注射提供长期保护,避免恒河猴感染与HIV相关的猴免疫缺陷病毒(SHIV)。这类抗病毒药物或有望改进预防手段以减少HIV传播。

使用抗逆转录病毒药物(ART)进行暴露前预防性用药(PrEP),是预防HIV的重要策略,但该方法需要频繁给药,从而限制了依从性和有效性。

长效抗逆转录病毒药物能够解决日常药物剂量的问题。研究团队调查了由吉利德科学开发的名为GS-CA1的药物的长期预防性效果,这种药物在小鼠中展现了抗HIV病毒作用。GS-CA1是一种小分子,可以抑制HIV病毒衣壳,因其在病毒复制中起着关键作用,该靶点十分有吸引力。

这项研究显示,一剂GS-CA1能保护恒河猴,阻止与HIV相关的猴免疫缺陷病毒(SHIV)的复制。一共24只实验动物分为三组;两组接受一剂GS-CA1(每公斤体重150mg或300mg),第三组为对照组。实验动物在15周里每周接受SHIV暴露。在最高剂量的GS-CA1组中,所有恒河猴在第17周血浆中均无可检测到的病毒,其中5只直至研究结束时(24周)仍检测不到病毒。300毫克GS-CA1每公斤体重的剂量将每次暴露的感染风险降低了97%。

GS-CA1与另一种HIV衣壳抑制剂lenacapavir的结构相似,后者已经在临床试验中展现出了抗病毒活性的潜力。作者指出,GS-CA1在非人灵长动物中的治疗潜力,或有助于指导针对这些HIV衣壳抑制剂的进一步临床试验,以确定单次剂量能提供多久的保护力。

而在2020年10月,美国犹他大学和弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上发表题为:Reconstitution and visualization of HIV-1 capsid-dependent replication and integration in vitro 的研究论文。

这项研究实现了数十年来的梦想——体外重构了感染HIV的第一步。更重要的是,这项研究首次直接证明,HIV的病毒衣壳不仅仅是一种包装结构,它本身也是艾滋病毒感染过程的一个重要组成部分。

这项研究也为靶向衣壳的艾滋病药物的研发提供了理论支撑。

原始出处:

Vidal, S.J., Bekerman, E., Hansen, D. et al. Long Acting Capsid Inhibitor Protects Macaques From Repeat SHIV Challenges. Nature (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04279-4.

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    2022-05-11 lg.zhao
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    2022-03-15 liye789132251
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